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Shloka 31

हंस–साध्यसंवादः, वाक्-निग्रहः, महाकुल-लक्षणम्, शान्ति-उपायः

Hamsa–Sādhya Dialogue; Restraint of Speech; Marks of Noble Lineage; Means to Peace

अष्टौ गुणा: पुरुषं दीपयन्ति प्रज्ञा च कौल्यं च श्रुतं दमश्न । पराक्रमश्चाबहुभाषिता च दानं यथाशक्ति कृतज्ञता च,ये आठ गुण पुरुषकी शोभा बढ़ाते हैं--बुद्धि, कुलीनता, शास्त्रज्ञान, इन्द्रियनिग्रह, पराक्रम, अधिक न बोलनेका स्वभाव, यथाशक्ति दान और कृतज्ञता

aṣṭau guṇāḥ puruṣaṃ dīpayanti prajñā ca kaulyaṃ ca śrutaṃ damaś ca | parākramaś cābahubhāṣitā ca dānaṃ yathāśakti kṛtajñatā ca ||

Vidura enseigne que huit qualités font resplendir l’homme dans la cité et sur la voie du dharma : une intelligence limpide, la noblesse de naissance et de conduite, l’instruction tirée de la tradition sacrée, la maîtrise de soi, l’élan courageux, la retenue dans la parole, la générosité selon ses moyens et la gratitude. Ces vertus, suggère-t-il, sont les véritables ornements qui soutiennent la vie juste au milieu des tensions du pouvoir.

अष्टौeight
अष्टौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअष्टन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गुणाःqualities, virtues
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुरुषम्a man, person
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दीपयन्तिilluminate, make shine, adorn
दीपयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootदीप् (दीपयति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, Active
प्रज्ञाwisdom, intelligence
प्रज्ञा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कौल्यंnobility of family, good lineage
कौल्यं:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकौल्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
श्रुतम्learning, what is heard (scriptural knowledge)
श्रुतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दमःself-control, restraint
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पराक्रमःvalor, prowess
पराक्रमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपराक्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अबहुभाषिताnot speaking much, brevity in speech
अबहुभाषिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ-बहु-भाषिता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दानम्giving, charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यथाशक्तिaccording to one's ability
यथाशक्ति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा-शक्ति
कृतज्ञताgratitude
कृतज्ञता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृतज्ञता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura

Educational Q&A

A person’s true brilliance comes from cultivated virtues—wisdom, noble conduct, learning, self-control, courage, restrained speech, appropriate generosity, and gratitude—rather than from power or status alone.

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva’s tense pre-war diplomacy, he lists the virtues that should guide leaders and individuals, implicitly critiquing reckless pride and urging dharmic character as the basis of policy and conduct.