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Shloka 25

राजा-दैवतत्वम् — The King as a Stabilizing ‘Daivata’ (Divine Function) in Social Order

भीष्मजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! तब समस्त प्रजाओंने मनुसे कहा--“महाराज! आप डरें मत। पाप तो उन्हींको लगेगा

bhīṣma uvāca—rājan! tataḥ samastāḥ prajā manum ūcuḥ—“mahārāja! mā bhaiṣīḥ. pāpaṁ tu teṣām eva bhaviṣyati ye tat kariṣyanti. vayaṁ tava kośasya vṛddhyartham pratyekaṁ pañcāśat-paśuṣu ekaṁ paśuṁ tubhyaṁ dāsyāmaḥ. evam eva suvarṇasyāpi pañcāśattamaṁ bhāgaṁ dāsyāmaḥ. dhānyasyotpādasya daśamaṁ bhāgaṁ kara-rūpeṇa dāsyāmaḥ. yadā ca asmākaṁ bahvyaḥ kanyā vivāhārtham udyatā bhaviṣyanti, tadā tāsāṁ yā sarva-sundarī kanyā sā śulka-rūpeṇa tubhyaṁ upahariṣyāmaḥ. mukhena śastra-patreṇa ye manuṣyāḥ pradhānataḥ, bhavantaṁ te ’nuyāsyanti mahendram iva devatāḥ.”

Bhīṣma dit : «Ô Roi, alors tout le peuple dit à Manu : “Grand Roi, ne crains point. Le péché ne retombera que sur ceux qui commettront la faute. Pour accroître ton trésor, nous te donnerons une bête sur cinquante ; de même, nous continuerons à donner la cinquantième part de l’or. Du produit des grains, nous donnerons le dixième en impôt. Et lorsque beaucoup de nos filles seront prêtes au mariage, la plus belle d’entre elles, nous te la présenterons comme śulka (prix nuptial). De plus, les hommes les plus éminents, munis de leurs armes et équipements principaux, te suivront—comme les dieux suivent Mahendra (Indra).”»

मुखेनwith the mouth / by speech
मुखेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
शस्त्रपत्रेणwith weapons and equipment (lit. weapon-gear)
शस्त्रपत्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्रपत्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
येwho / those who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मनुष्याःmen / people
मनुष्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रधानतःchiefly / as leaders / in the foremost manner
प्रधानतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रधानतस्
भवन्तम्you (honorific), (as) the one followed
भवन्तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अनुयास्यन्तिwill follow
अनुयास्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-या
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
महेन्द्रम्great Indra / Indra
महेन्द्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike / as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
देवताःthe gods
देवताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (Bhīṣma)
M
Manu
I
Indra (Mahendra)
T
the subjects/people (prajāḥ)
T
treasury (kośa)
A
animals/cattle (paśu)
G
gold (suvarṇa)
G
grain/produce (dhānya/utpāda)
D
daughters/maidens (kanyāḥ)
W
weapons/equipment (śastra-patra)

Educational Q&A

The passage frames kingship as a moral and economic contract: the people authorize the ruler and sustain the treasury through fixed shares (cattle, gold, grain) in exchange for protection and order, while insisting that moral blame (pāpa) belongs to the actual wrongdoers, not automatically to the king.

Bhishma recounts how the subjects address Manu, reassuring him and proposing concrete revenues—one animal per fifty, a fiftieth of gold, and a tenth of grain as tax—along with political support: leading men will follow him armed, like the gods follow Indra, thereby establishing Manu’s effective sovereignty.