Shloka 41
Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)
रथा नागा हयाश्रैव पादाताश्वैव पाण्डव | विष्टिनविश्चराश्वैव देशिका इति चाष्टमम्
rathā nāgā hayāś caiva pādātāś caiva pāṇḍava | viṣṭinaviś carāś caiva deśikā iti cāṣṭamam ||
Bhīṣma dit : «Ô Pāṇḍava, ceux-ci aussi sont comptés parmi les divisions : les guerriers de char, les combattants à l’éléphant, les cavaliers et les fantassins ; de même la viṣṭi (corvées et levées forcées), les troupes vagabondes ou irrégulières, et les guides du pays — ce qui fait la huitième catégorie.»
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma classifies the functional components of an army beyond the four standard arms (chariots, elephants, cavalry, infantry), emphasizing that logistics, scouts/irregulars, and local guides are also essential to effective and responsible kingship (rājadharma).
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on rājadharma. Here he enumerates categories within an army, adding support and intelligence elements—viṣṭi, carāḥ, and deśikāḥ—completing an ‘eighth’ division in his scheme.