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Shloka 42

Prāyaścitta-vidhāna: Tapas, Dāna, Vrata, and Proportional Expiation (प्रायश्चित्तविधानम्)

कपाले यद्वदाप: स्यु: श्वद्तौ च यथा पय: । आश्रयस्थानदोषेण वृत्तहीने तथा श्रुतम्‌

kapāle yadvad āpaḥ syuḥ śvattau ca yathā payaḥ | āśrayasthānadoṣeṇa vṛttahīne tathā śrutam ||

Vyāsa dit : De même que l’eau conservée dans un crâne humain et le lait placé dans une peau de chien deviennent impurs à cause du défaut de leur contenant, ainsi le savoir sacré, lorsqu’il réside en un brahmane dépourvu de bonne conduite, est souillé par la faute même de son siège. La connaissance sans caractère perd sa sainteté et sa force morale.

कपालेin a skull
कपाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकपाल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
यद्वत्just as
यद्वत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्वत्
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
स्युःwould be / may be
स्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
श्वद्तौin a dog-skin (hide)
श्वद्तौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्वद्-त्वच्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यथाas
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
पयःmilk
पयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आश्रयस्थानदोषेणby the fault of the receptacle/place of support
आश्रयस्थानदोषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रय-स्थान-दोष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वृत्तहीनेin one devoid of right conduct
वृत्तहीने:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्त-हीन
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तथाso / likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
श्रुतम्learning; what is heard (scriptural knowledge)
श्रुतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
H
human skull (kapāla)
D
dog’s hide/skin (śvattau)
W
water (āpaḥ)
M
milk (payaḥ)
Ś
śruti/śruta (sacred learning)

Educational Q&A

Sacred knowledge gains authority and purity only when grounded in right conduct; when the moral ‘container’ is impure, learning itself becomes ethically compromised and socially untrustworthy.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Vyāsa uses vivid purity metaphors—water in a skull and milk in a dog’s hide—to warn that scriptural learning in a person lacking good conduct is corrupted by the defect of its bearer.