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Shloka 13

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

जो दूध देनेवाली पचीस हजार कपिला गौओंका दान करता है, वह समस्त पापोंसे छुटकारा पा जाता है ।। गोसहसतरं सवत्सानां दोग्ध्रीणां प्राणसंशये । साधुभ्यो वै दरिद्रेभ्यो दत्त्वा मुच्येत किल्बिषात्‌,जब मृत्युकाल निकट हो, उस समय सदाचारी दरिद्र ब्राह्मणोंको दूध देनेवाली एक हजार सवत्सा गौओंका दान करके भी मनुष्य सब पापोंसे मुक्त हो सकता है

vyāsa uvāca | yo dugdha-denīḥ pañca-viṃśati-sahasraṃ kapilā gāvo dānaṃ karoti sa sarva-pāpebhyaḥ pramucyate || go-sahasraṃ sa-vatsānāṃ dogdhrīṇāṃ prāṇa-saṃśaye | sādhubhyo vai daridrebhyo dattvā mucyeta kilbiṣāt || yadā mṛtyu-kālaḥ sannihitaḥ syāt tadā sadācāri-daridra-brāhmaṇebhyo dugdha-denīḥ eka-sahasraṃ sa-vatsā gāvo dattvāpi manuṣyaḥ sarva-pāpebhyaḥ mucyate ||

Vyāsa dit : Celui qui fait don de vingt-cinq mille vaches kapilā—vaches laitières fauves—est affranchi de tous les péchés. Et, lorsque la vie est en péril et que la mort s’approche, on peut encore être délivré de ses fautes en offrant mille vaches laitières avec leurs veaux aux vertueux et aux indigents, surtout aux brāhmaṇas pauvres et de bonne conduite.

गोof cows / cow-
गो:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो (गौः)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
सहस्रम्a thousand
सहस्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सवत्सानाम्of those having calves (with calves)
सवत्सानाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस-वत्स (वत्स)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
दोग्ध्रीणाम्of milk-giving (milch) [cows]
दोग्ध्रीणाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदोग्ध्री (दुह् धातु-सम्बद्धा)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
प्राणin life / in vital-breath
प्राण:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संशयेin doubt / in peril
संशये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
साधुभ्यःto the virtuous (good people)
साधुभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
दरिद्रेभ्यःto the poor
दरिद्रेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootदरिद्र
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (ददाति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
मुच्येतwould be freed / may be released
मुच्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच् (मुच्यते)
FormPotential/Optative (विधिलिङ्), Atmanepada (passive-like), Third, Singular
किल्बिषात्from sin
किल्बिषात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकिल्बिष
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
K
kapilā cows
C
cows with calves (sa-vatsāḥ)
P
poor brāhmaṇas
V
virtuous poor recipients (sādhavaḥ daridrāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Generous giving—especially of life-sustaining gifts like milk-giving cows to worthy and needy recipients—functions as a strong form of moral purification (prāyaścitta), capable of relieving one from accumulated wrongdoing, even at the approach of death.

Vyāsa states a dharma-teaching within Śānti Parva: he describes the merit and expiatory power of go-dāna, specifying large-scale gifts (25,000 kapilā cows) and, in a death-near situation, the gift of 1,000 cows with calves to virtuous poor people, particularly poor brāhmaṇas.