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Shloka 73

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

निष्पाप गन्धर्व! जीवात्मा जाग्रत्‌ आदि अवस्थाओंमें सब कुछ देखता है। सुषुप्ति और समाधि अवस्थामें कुछ भी नहीं देखता है तथा परमात्मा सदा ही छब्बीसवें तत्त्वरूप अपने- आपको, पचीसरतवें तत्त्वरूप जीवात्माको और चौबीसवें तत्त्वरूप प्रकृतिको भी देखता रहता है ।।

niṣpāpa gandharva! jīvātmā jāgrat-ādi avasthāsu sarvaṃ paśyati. suṣupti-samādhi-avasthāsu na kiñcid api paśyati. paramātmā tu sadāiva ṣaḍviṃśatitattvarūpeṇa svātmānam, pañcaviṃśatitattvarūpeṇa jīvātmānam, caturviṃśatitattvarūpeṇa prakṛtim api paśyati. na tu paśyati paśyaṃs tu yaś cainam anupaśyati. pañcaviṃśo ’bhimanyeta nānyo ’sti parato mama; kintu yadi jīvātmā evam abhimanyate—“matto ’nyo nāsti”—tadā yaḥ paramātmā taṃ nityam anupaśyati, taṃ sa jñātvāpi na jānāti.

Yājñavalkya dit : «Ô Gandharva sans faute, l’âme individuelle (jīva) perçoit tout dans l’état de veille et les états qui s’y rattachent. Dans le sommeil profond (suṣupti) et dans le samādhi, elle ne perçoit rien du tout. Mais le Soi suprême contemple toujours : Lui-même comme le vingt-sixième principe, l’âme individuelle comme le vingt-cinquième, et la Nature comme le vingt-quatrième. Pourtant, l’âme incarnée ne voit pas vraiment ce Témoin toujours voyant qui l’observe. Si le vingt-cinquième principe — le jīva — tombe dans l’orgueil : “Nul n’est au-dessus de moi”, alors, même s’il croit comprendre, il ne connaît pas le Suprême qui le regarde sans cesse.»

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
tubut
tu:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu
paśyatisees
paśyati:
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (paśy-)
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, parasmaipada
paśyanseeing (one who sees)
paśyan:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (paśy-)
Formśatṛ (present active participle), masculine, nominative, singular
tuindeed/but
tu:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootyad
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
enamthis one / him
enam:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootidam (enad)
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
anupaśyatiobserves/follows with sight; beholds continuously
anupaśyati:
TypeVerb
Rootanu-√dṛś (paśy-)
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, parasmaipada
pañcaviṃśaḥthe twenty-fifth (principle/entity)
pañcaviṃśaḥ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootpañcaviṃśa
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
abhimanyetamight think/assume (with pride)
abhimanyeta:
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-√man
FormOptative (vidhi-liṅ), 3, singular, ātmanepada
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
anyaḥanother (one)
anyaḥ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootanya
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
astiis
asti:
TypeVerb
Root√as
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, parasmaipada
parataḥbeyond; higher than
parataḥ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootparatas
mamaof me; than me
mama:
TypePronoun
Rootasmad
Formgenitive, singular

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
G
Gandharva
J
jīvātman (individual self)
P
Paramātman (Supreme Self)
P
prakṛti (Nature)

Educational Q&A

The jīva’s ordinary knowing operates in waking (and allied) states, but the Supreme Self is the constant Witness of the jīva and of prakṛti. Spiritual error arises when the jīva identifies itself as supreme; true knowledge is recognizing the ever-seeing Paramātman beyond the individual self.

In a philosophical dialogue within Śānti Parva, Yājñavalkya instructs a Gandharva about states of consciousness and the hierarchy of principles (tattvas), warning against the jīva’s pride and emphasizing the Paramātman as the perpetual observer.