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Shloka 14

महाभूत–इन्द्रिय–मनस्–बुद्धि–अन्तरात्मा विवेकः | Discrimination of Elements, Senses, Mind, Intellect, and Inner Self

एताश्षान्याश्व विविधा दीक्षास्तेषां मनीषिणाम्‌

etāś cānyāś ca vividhā dīkṣās teṣāṃ manīṣiṇām | caturthe saṃnyāsāśrame vihito yo 'paniṣat-pratipāditaḥ śama-damoparati-titikṣā-samādhāna-rūpo dharmaḥ sa sarvāśramāṇāṃ sādhāraṇaḥ smṛtaḥ | tasya pālanaṃ sarvāśramibhiḥ kartavyam | kintu caturthāśramasya saṃnyāsasya yo viśeṣa-dharmaḥ sa vānaprastha-gṛhasthābhyāṃ bhinnaḥ ||

Vyāsa dit : «Pour les sages réfléchis, les Écritures exposent celles-ci et bien d’autres disciplines et observances variées. Mais les Upaniṣad prescrivent, tout spécialement pour le quatrième āśrama—le saṃnyāsa—un dharma fait de paix intérieure (śama), de maîtrise de soi (dama), de retrait (uparati), d’endurance (titikṣā) et de concentration stable (samādhāna). Ces vertus sont tenues pour communes à tous les āśramas ; aussi doivent-elles être pratiquées par les hommes à chaque étape de la vie. Toutefois, le dharma propre au quatrième āśrama, le saṃnyāsa, diffère de celui du maître de maison et de l’ermite des bois (vānaprastha).»

एताःthese
एताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
अन्याःother
अन्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विविधाःvarious
विविधाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
दीक्षाःinitiations / consecrations / disciplines
दीक्षाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदीक्षा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
मनीषिणाम्of the wise (sages)
मनीषिणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
U
Upaniṣads
S
Saṃnyāsa (fourth āśrama)
V
Vānaprastha
G
Gṛhastha
Ś
Śama
D
Dama
U
Uparati
T
Titikṣā
S
Samādhāna

Educational Q&A

The passage distinguishes between (1) virtues that are universal across all four āśramas—śama, dama, uparati, titikṣā, and samādhāna—and (2) the special, distinctive duties of formal renunciation (saṃnyāsa), which differ from the duties of householders and forest-dwellers.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Vyāsa explains that scriptures prescribe many disciplines for the wise, then emphasizes that certain Upaniṣadic inner virtues are obligatory for everyone, while the renunciant’s specific code of life remains unique to the fourth āśrama.