Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 14

Gṛhastha-vṛtti and Niyama: Models of Householder Livelihood and Discipline (गृहस्थवृत्ति-नियमाः)

कालोदकेन महता वर्षावर्तेन संततम्‌ । मासोर्मिणर्तुवेगेन पक्षोलपतृणेन च

vyāsa uvāca | kālodakena mahatā varṣāvartena santatam | māsormibhir ṛtuvegena pakṣolapatṛṇena ca | nimeṣonmeṣa-phenena dinarātri-jalapravāhaiḥ | kāmadevo bhayaṅkaro grāhaḥ | vedā yajñāś ca naukāḥ | dharmo dvīpaḥ prāṇinām āśrayabhūtaḥ | artha-kāmau jalāni | satyabhāṣaṇaṃ mokṣaś ca ubhe tīre | hiṃsā-rūpā vṛkṣāḥ tasmin kāla-pravāhe vahanti | yugaṃ maryādā | brahmaiva ca taṃ kālanadaṃ prasūte parvataḥ | tasmin pravāhe patitā vidhātṛ-sṛṣṭāḥ sarve prāṇino yamalokaṃ prati ākarṣyante ||

Vyāsa dit : «Le Temps est un fleuve immense. Son eau est le Temps lui-même ; ses tourbillons sont les pluies qui s’élèvent sans cesse. Les mois en sont les vagues déferlantes ; les saisons, les courants qui poussent ; les quinzaines, les lianes et les herbes. Le clignement et le non-clignement sont son écume ; le jour et la nuit, son flot. Le désir (Kāma) y est un crocodile redoutable. Les Veda et les sacrifices sont des barques ; le Dharma est une île qui donne refuge aux êtres. La richesse et le plaisir en sont les eaux ; la parole vraie et la délivrance, ses deux rives. Des arbres de violence dérivent dans ce courant. Les yuga en marquent les limites, et Brahman est la montagne-source d’où naît ce fleuve du Temps. Tombées dans ce flot, toutes les créatures façonnées par l’Ordonnateur sont entraînées vers le séjour de Yama.»

कालोदकेनwith/by the water of Time
कालोदकेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल-उदक
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
महताgreat, vast
महता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वर्षावर्तेनby the whirlpool of rains
वर्षावर्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्षा-आवर्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
संततम्continually, uninterruptedly
संततम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसंतत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मास-ऊर्मि-ऋतु-वेगेनby (its) months as waves and seasons as currents/impetus
मास-ऊर्मि-ऋतु-वेगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमास-ऊर्मि-ऋतु-वेग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पक्ष-उलप-तृणेनby fortnights, reeds, and grass (as its floating growth)
पक्ष-उलप-तृणेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष-उलप-तृण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
K
Kāla (Time, personified)
K
Kāmadeva
V
Veda
Y
Yajña
D
Dharma
B
Brahman
V
Vidhātṛ (Creator)
Y
Yama
Y
Yamaloka
Y
Yuga

Educational Q&A

Time is an irresistible current carrying all beings toward death and judgment; only disciplined life—grounded in Dharma, truthful speech, and oriented to moksha—provides safe footing and a way to ‘cross’ the dangers of desire, violence, and attachment.

Vyāsa delivers a sustained metaphor: the cosmos is a river of Time with cycles (days, months, seasons, yugas) as its features; desire is a predator within it; Vedic knowledge and sacrifice are boats; Dharma is a refuge-island; and all created beings are pulled along toward Yama’s realm.