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Shloka 49

ब्राह्मणस्य पूर्वतरा वृत्तिः — The Earlier Ideal Conduct of a Brahmana

River-of-Saṃsāra Metaphor

तानिदानीं न पश्यामि यैर्भुक्तेयं पुरा मही । जिन लोगोंने पहले वृक्ष, ओषधि, रत्न, जीव-जन्तु, वन और खानोंसहित इस सारी पृथ्वीका उपभोग किया है, उन सबको मैं इस समय नहीं देखता हूँ ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | tān idānīṃ na paśyāmi yair bhukteyaṃ purā mahī | pṛthur ailomayo bhīmo narakaḥ śambaras tathā | kālenābhyāhatāḥ sarve kālo hi balavattaraḥ |

Bhīṣma dit : «À présent, je ne vois plus ceux par qui cette terre fut jadis jouie et gouvernée. Pṛthu, Purūravas, fils d’Ilā, Maya, Bhīma, Naraka, Śambara aussi—tous ont été frappés par le Temps ; car le Temps est la puissance la plus forte.» Par cette méditation, Bhīṣma montre que même les souverains et les êtres les plus redoutables disparaissent, afin d’enseigner le détachement à l’égard de la souveraineté et de l’orgueil, et de rappeler l’urgence morale de vivre selon le dharma plutôt que de s’accrocher à une domination passagère.

तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इदानीम्now
इदानीम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइदानीम्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पश्यामिI see
पश्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
यैःby whom
यैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
भुक्ताenjoyed/possessed
भुक्ता:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPast Passive Participle (kta), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
इयम्this
इयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पुराformerly
पुरा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
महीearth
मही:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमही
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Mahī (Earth)
K
Kāla (Time)
P
Pṛthu
P
Purūravas (Aila, son of Ilā)
M
Maya (Mayāsura)
B
Bhīma
N
Naraka (Narakāsura)
Ś
Śambara (Śambarāsura)

Educational Q&A

Even the greatest rulers and mighty beings who once possessed the earth are no longer seen; Time overpowers all. Therefore one should not be intoxicated by power or possession, but live aligned with dharma, knowing sovereignty and worldly enjoyment are transient.

In Śānti Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on governance and dharma. Here he illustrates his counsel by listing renowned ancient figures who once dominated the world but were all carried away by Time, emphasizing the inevitability of decline and death.