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Shloka 53

कालनिर्णयः, युगधर्मवर्णनम्, सृष्टिक्रमश्च

Time-Reckoning, Yuga-Dharma, and the Sequence of Creation

देवराज! समस्त प्राणियोंकी गति जो काल है

ṛtūn māsārdhamāsāṁś ca divasāṁś ca kṣaṇāṁs tathā | pūrvāhṇam aparāhṇaṁ ca madhyāhnam api cāpare ||

Śakra dit : «Ô roi des dieux ! Le Temps est la marche et la destinée de tous les êtres ; sans atteindre le Temps, où irais-tu ? L’homme ne peut l’abandonner même en fuyant — il ne peut s’en éloigner ; et, demeurant immobile, il n’échappe pas davantage à ses griffes. L’ouïe et les autres sens ne peuvent éprouver ce Temps, partagé en mois, en demi-mois et en cinq sortes de divisions. Les uns nomment cette divinité du Temps Agni, d’autres Prajāpati. C’est le Temps qui mesure et entraîne tous les êtres — à travers les saisons, les mois et les demi-mois, les jours et jusqu’aux instants fugitifs ; à travers l’avant-midi, l’après-midi et le plein midi aussi.»

ऋतून्seasons
ऋतून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋतु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मासान्months
मासान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अर्धमासान्half-months (fortnights)
अर्धमासान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्धमास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दिवसान्days
दिवसान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिवस
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षणान्moments/instants
क्षणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
पूर्वाह्णम्forenoon
पूर्वाह्णम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वाह्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपराह्णम्afternoon
अपराह्णम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअपराह्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मध्याह्नम्midday/noon
मध्याह्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमध्याह्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपरेothers (people)
अपरे:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

श॒क्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)
K
Kāla (Time)
A
Agni
P
Prajāpati

Educational Q&A

Time (Kāla) is the universal force that governs all beings and all change. By listing seasons, months, days, and moments, the verse teaches that what we treat as ordinary timekeeping is actually the manifestation of an inescapable cosmic power; therefore pride, denial, or attempts to outrun destiny are futile, and one should live with humility and dharmic awareness.

Śakra (Indra) is explaining the nature of Kāla to his interlocutor, emphasizing that Time is perceived through its divisions—seasons, months, days, and parts of the day—and noting that different traditions identify this same principle as Agni or Prajāpati.