Shloka 17
Śakra–Namuci-saṃvāda: Śoka-nivāraṇa and Daiva-vicāra
Indra and Namuci on grief, composure, and inevitability
त्याग एव हि सर्वेषां युक्तानामपि कर्मणाम् | नित्यं मिथ्याविनीतानां क्लेशो दुः:खवहो मतः
tyāga eva hi sarveṣāṁ yuktānām api karmaṇām | nityaṁ mithyā-vinītānāṁ kleśo duḥkhavaho mataḥ ||
Bhishma dit : Le renoncement seul est l’achèvement véritable de toutes les actions, même pour ceux qui sont disciplinés et engagés dans une pratique juste. Mais chez ceux qui, sans abandonner l’ego, le « mien », l’attachement et le désir, se prétendent sans cesse humbles et maîtres d’eux-mêmes, surgissent les afflictions — telle l’ignorance —, tenues pour porteuses de souffrance.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
That genuine spiritual progress requires tyāga—giving up egoistic ownership, attachment, and desire within action; merely performing disciplines while retaining inner clinging is hypocrisy and results in kleśa (afflictions) that produce suffering.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma is teaching Yudhishthira about dharma and liberation-oriented conduct, emphasizing inner renunciation as essential even when one continues to act.