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Shloka 29

Vyaktāvyakta-Viveka and Nivṛtti as Paramā Gati

Manifest–Unmanifest Discrimination and the Supreme Path of Withdrawal

ज्ञानेन्द्रियाण्यत: पठच पज््च कर्मेन्द्रियाण्यपि । विषया: पञ्च चैकं॑ च विकारे षोडशं मन:,पाँच ज्ञानेन्द्रियाँ, पाँच कर्मेन्द्रियाँ, पाँच विषय और एक मन--ये सोलह विकार कहे गये हैं। (इनमें मन तो अहंकारका विकार है और अन्य पन्द्रह अपने-अपने कारणरूप सूक्ष्म महाभूतोंके विकार हैं)

jñānendriyāṇy ataḥ pañca pañca karmendriyāṇy api | viṣayāḥ pañca caikaṃ ca vikāre ṣoḍaśaṃ manaḥ ||

Bhīṣma dit : «Viennent ensuite les cinq organes de la connaissance, ainsi que les cinq organes de l’action. Avec les cinq objets des sens et l’unique mental—on les déclare être seize modifications. En comprenant ces constituants de l’expérience incarnée, on apprend à distinguer le Soi des instruments changeants de la perception et de l’agir : étape décisive vers la maîtrise de soi et la conduite droite.»

ज्ञानेंद्रियाणिsense-organs of knowledge
ज्ञानेंद्रियाणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञानेंद्रिय (ज्ञान + इन्द्रिय)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अतःtherefore/then
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
कर्मेंद्रियाणिorgans of action
कर्मेंद्रियाणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मेंद्रिय (कर्म + इन्द्रिय)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
विषयाःsense-objects
विषयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविषय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एकम्one
एकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विकारेin the category of modifications
विकारे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविकार
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
षोडशम्sixteen (as a total)
षोडशम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootषोडश
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
J
jñānendriyas (five sense faculties)
K
karmendriyas (five action faculties)
V
viṣayas (five sense-objects)
M
manas (mind)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma enumerates the components of embodied experience: five sense faculties, five action faculties, five sense-objects, and the mind—together called sixteen modifications. The teaching supports discernment (viveka): these are instruments and products of change, not the enduring self, and recognizing this aids self-control and ethical living.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and liberation-oriented knowledge. Here he is presenting a Sāṅkhya-style analysis of the psycho-physical apparatus, classifying the senses, their objects, and the mind as evolutes to be understood and mastered.