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Shloka 22

आपद्धर्मे राज्ञः नीतिः — Bharadvāja’s Counsel on Crisis-Statecraft (Śānti Parva 138)

पृथिवी देश इत्युक्त: काल: स च न दृश्यते । अभिप्रेतार्थसिद्धयर्थ ध्यायते यच्च तत्तथा

bhīṣma uvāca | pṛthivī deśa ity uktaḥ kālaḥ sa ca na dṛśyate | abhipretārthasiddhyarthaṃ dhyāyate yac ca tat tathā | kāṣṭhāḥ kalā muhurtaṃ dinaṃ rātriḥ lavaḥ māsaḥ pakṣaḥ ṣaḍṛtavaḥ saṃvatsaraḥ kalpaś ca—ime ‘kāla’ iti kathyante; pṛthivī tu ‘deśa’ ity ucyate | eteṣu deśasya tu darśanaṃ bhavati, kālas tu na dṛśyate | iṣṭamanorathasiddhaye yaṃ deśaṃ kālaṃ ca upayoginaṃ manyamānaḥ vicārayati, taṃ yathāvat grahītavyam |

Bhīṣma dit : « La terre est appelée “lieu” (deśa), tandis que le temps (kāla) porte ce nom—mais le temps ne se voit pas. On parle du temps par ses mesures : une kāṣṭhā, une kalā, un muhūrta, le jour et la nuit, un lava, un mois, une quinzaine, les six saisons, une année et un kalpa—voilà ce qu’on nomme “temps” ; et la terre, “lieu”. De ces deux, le lieu se perçoit, mais le temps non. Aussi, pour accomplir l’intention voulue, faut-il saisir avec justesse et choisir le lieu et le moment qui, après examen, se révèlent véritablement convenables. »

पृथिवीthe earth
पृथिवी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
देशःplace, region
देशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उक्तःis said/called
उक्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
कालःtime
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःthat (he/it)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दृश्यतेis seen/appears
दृश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Passive/impersonal sense
अभिप्रेतार्थसिद्ध्यर्थम्for the sake of accomplishing the intended aim
अभिप्रेतार्थसिद्ध्यर्थम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभिप्रेतार्थसिद्ध्यर्थ
Formअभिप्रेत + अर्थ + सिद्धि + अर्थम् (purpose-accusative used adverbially)
ध्यायतेis contemplated/considered
ध्यायते:
TypeVerb
Rootध्यै
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
यत्whatever which
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाso, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
P
Pṛthivī (Earth)
D
Deśa (place)
K
Kāla (time)
K
kāṣṭhā
K
kalā
M
muhūrta
D
day
N
night
L
lava
M
month
P
pakṣa (fortnight)
S
six seasons (ṣaḍṛtavaḥ)
Y
year (saṃvatsara)
K
kalpa

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that ‘place’ is directly perceptible but ‘time’ is grasped through its conventional measures; therefore, to succeed in any intended undertaking, one must thoughtfully select and correctly understand the appropriate place and time.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and conduct, Bhishma continues his didactic discourse, defining ‘deśa’ (place) and ‘kāla’ (time), listing time-units, and advising careful discernment of the proper context (where and when) for action.