Shloka 21
शकुनि (हिरण्मय-पक्षी) उपदेशः — Vighasāśin and the Difficulty of Gārhasthya
Devanagari script
तप: श्रेष्ठ प्रजानां हि मूलमेतन्न संशय: । कुटुम्बविधिनानेन यस्मिन् सर्व प्रतिष्ठितम्
Translation
L’austérité (tapas) est ce qu’il y a de plus excellent pour les hommes : elle en est la racine, sans aucun doute. Et selon la règle du dharma de l’homme au foyer (gārhasthya), c’est dans ce devoir domestique même que toute austérité trouve son assise ; l’austérité est l’acte le plus noble.
Word by Word
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
श्रेष्ठम्best, supreme
श्रेष्ठम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रजानाम्of creatures/subjects/people
प्रजानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
मूलम्root, source
मूलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुटुम्ब-विधिनाby/according to the household rule (householder’s ordinance)
कुटुम्ब-विधिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकुटुम्बविधि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अनेनby this, through this
अनेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
यस्मिन्in which
यस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
सर्वम्all, everything
सर्वम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिष्ठितम्established, founded, resting
प्रतिष्ठितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-स्था
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, passive/resultative
Speaker
अजुन उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes