Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 30

Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies

Gaṇa-nīti

जात्या च सदृशा: सर्वे कुलेन सदृशास्तथा

jātyā ca sadṛśāḥ sarve kulena sadṛśās tathā | udyogabuddhirūpasampattau tu na sarveṣām ekarūpatā sambhavati || śatravaḥ gaṇarāṣṭreṣu bhedabuddhiṃ janayitvā tebhyaś ca kecid dhanena krītvā api sarvasya saṅghasya bhedaṃ kurvanti | tasmāt saṅghabaddhatā eva gaṇarāṣṭranāgarāṇāṃ mahān āśrayaḥ ||

Bhīṣma dit : «Tous peuvent être semblables par la naissance, et semblables aussi par la lignée ; mais il n’est pas possible que tous soient identiques dans l’effort, l’intelligence, la beauté et la prospérité. Les ennemis, en semant parmi le peuple d’une république le sentiment de la différence et en achetant certains par la richesse, peuvent briser une confédération entière. C’est pourquoi l’unité—demeurer liés comme un seul corps—est le grand refuge des citoyens d’une république.»

जात्याby birth/caste
जात्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजाति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सदृशाःsimilar/alike
सदृशाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसदृश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुलेनby family/lineage
कुलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
सदृशाःsimilar/alike
सदृशाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसदृश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
enemies (śatravaḥ)
G
gaṇarāṣṭra (republic/commonwealth)
S
saṅgha (confederation/assembly)

Educational Q&A

Even if people share the same birth and lineage, differences in capability and fortune remain; hostile forces exploit these differences through factionalism and bribery. Hence, collective unity is the strongest protection for a republic or confederation.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and dharma after the war, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on political stability, warning how enemies fracture gaṇa-states by creating internal divisions and buying off individuals, and urging steadfast cohesion.