Shloka 17
Adhyāya 3: Indra’s Invitation and Yudhiṣṭhira’s Refusal to Abandon the Dog
Svargārohaṇa Test
शरणमें आये हुए को भय देना, स्त्रीका वध करना, ब्राह्मणका धन लूटना और मित्रोंके साथ द्रोह करना--ये चार अधर्म एक ओर और भक्तका त्याग दूसरी ओर हो तो मेरी समझमें यह अकेला ही उन चारोंके बराबर है ।।
śaraṇam āgatam abhayaṃ dātum; strī-vadhaḥ, brāhmaṇa-dhana-haraṇam, mitra-drohaś ca—ete catvāro 'dharmā ekataḥ; bhaktasya tyāgaḥ punar ekataḥ. mama mate sa eko 'pi teṣāṃ catūrṇāṃ samānaḥ. vaiśampāyana uvāca—tad dharmarājasya vaco niśamya dharma-svarūpī bhagavān uvāca. yudhiṣṭhiraṃ prīti-yukto narendraṃ ślakṣṇair vākyaiḥ saṃstava-samprayuktaiḥ…
Yudhiṣṭhira dit : «Effrayer celui qui a cherché refuge, tuer une femme, piller la richesse d’un brāhmaṇa et trahir ses amis : ces quatre adharma sont d’un côté ; et de l’autre se trouve l’abandon d’un dévot. À mon sens, cet acte unique équivaut aux quatre.» Vaiśampāyana dit : «Ô Janamejaya, entendant ces paroles de Dharmarāja Yudhiṣṭhira, le Seigneur qui est le Dharma lui-même—venu sous la forme d’un chien—fut grandement réjoui. Louant le roi Yudhiṣṭhira, il s’adressa à lui par des mots doux, empreints d’éloge, en ces termes…»
वैशग्पायन उवाच
Educational Q&A
Protecting one who seeks refuge and remaining loyal to a devoted companion are presented as paramount duties. The verse ranks ‘abandoning a devotee’ as a moral failure so severe that it is equated with multiple major transgressions, underscoring steadfastness, compassion, and fidelity as central to dharma.
After Yudhiṣṭhira refuses to forsake the dog that has accompanied him, Vaiśampāyana reports that Dharma—who had come disguised as a dog to test him—hears Yudhiṣṭhira’s words, becomes pleased, and begins to praise and address him with gentle, approving speech.