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Shloka 76

अध्याय ९ — कर्णस्य प्रहारः, योधयुग्मनियोजनम्, शैनेय-कैकेययोर्युद्धविन्यासः

हतोत्साहं बल दृष्टवा किंस्विद्‌ दुर्योधनो<ब्रवीत्‌ | जो किसीकी सीख नहीं मानता है, जिसे अपनी विद्धत्ता और बुद्धिमत्ताका अभिमान है, उस दुर्बुद्धि, अजितेन्द्रिय दुर्योधनने अपने सेनाको हतोत्साह देखकर क्‍या कहा? ।। ७५ 4 कल || स्वयं वैरं महत्‌ कृत्वा वार्यमाण: सुह्ृदूगणै:

hatotsāhaṃ balaṃ dṛṣṭvā kiṃ svid duryodhano 'bravīt | svayaṃ vairaṃ mahat kṛtvā vāryamāṇaḥ suhṛdgaṇaiḥ ||

Vaiśampāyana dit : Voyant l’ardeur de son armée brisée, que dit donc Duryodhana ? Ayant lui-même suscité une grande inimitié, bien qu’il fût retenu et conseillé par des proches bienveillants, Duryodhana l’égaré—fier de son savoir et de son esprit, refusant toute leçon et aux sens indomptés—prit la parole devant ses troupes démoralisées.

हतोत्साहम्with enthusiasm destroyed; dispirited
हतोत्साहम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहत-उत्साह
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बलम्army; force
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्वित्indeed? (interrogative particle)
स्वित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित्
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said; spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्वयम्oneself; personally
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
वैरम्enmity; hostility
वैरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving done; having made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
वार्यमाणःbeing restrained; being dissuaded
वार्यमाणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवार्यमाण
Formशानच् (present passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सुहृद्गणैःby groups of well-wishers/friends
सुहृद्गणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृद्-गण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Duryodhana
K
Kaurava army (bala)
W
well-wishers/allies (suhṛdgaṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral warning: pride in one’s own intellect and refusal to accept good counsel lead to self-created hostility and ruin. A leader who ignores well-wishers’ restraint becomes the cause of collective demoralization and ethical collapse.

The narrator Vaiśampāyana sets up Duryodhana’s forthcoming words: Duryodhana sees his forces dispirited on the battlefield and, despite earlier attempts by friends to dissuade him from the path of enmity, he prepares to speak—signaling a critical moment of command and reaction in the war.