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Shloka 50

अध्याय ९ — कर्णस्य प्रहारः, योधयुग्मनियोजनम्, शैनेय-कैकेययोर्युद्धविन्यासः

नागमद्‌ द्वैरथं वीर: स कथं निहतो रणे । जिसे देवराज इन्द्रने दो कुण्डलोंके बदलेमें विद्युतके समान प्रकाशित होनेवाली तथा शत्रुओंका नाश करनेमें समर्थ सुवर्णभूषित दिव्य शक्ति प्रदान की थी

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

nāgamad dvairathaṃ vīraḥ sa kathaṃ nihato raṇe |

saṃśaptakānāṃ yodhā ye āhvayanta sadānyataḥ |

sa kathaṃ nihato vīraḥ pārthena paravīrahā ||

Vaiśampāyana dit : «Ce héros, renommé pour les duels de chars, n’était pas venu à l’affrontement direct ; comment donc fut-il tué au combat ? Et ces guerriers appelés Saṃśaptakas, qui ne cessaient de défier (Arjuna) ailleurs, comment ce héros, pourfendeur des champions ennemis, fut-il abattu par Pārtha ? (Le sens est le suivant :) Arjuna avait souvent différé la rencontre avec Karṇa sous le prétexte : “Je détruirai d’abord les Saṃśaptakas, puis seulement je tuerai Vaikartana Karṇa.” Comment, dès lors, Arjuna finit-il par terrasser ce guerrier sans égal ?»

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अगमत्went / proceeded
अगमत्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormAorist (luṅ), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
द्वैरथम्chariot-duel (single combat in chariots)
द्वैरथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्वैरथ
Formneuter, accusative, singular
वीरःthe hero/warrior
वीरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
निहतःslain
निहतः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-हन्
Formpast passive participle (kta), masculine, nominative, singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
Formmasculine, locative, singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
A
Arjuna (Pārtha)
K
Karṇa (Vaikartana)
S
Saṃśaptakas
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral-narrative puzzle: even the most formidable warrior can fall due to the complex interplay of vows, strategy, circumstance, and destiny. It invites reflection on how outcomes in war are not determined by prowess alone, but also by timing, obligations (like confronting the Saṃśaptakas), and the larger moral order (dharma) governing the epic.

Vaiśampāyana highlights the apparent contradiction that Arjuna long avoided a direct engagement with Karṇa, often diverted by the Saṃśaptakas who challenged him elsewhere. The verse asks how, despite these repeated deferrals and Karṇa’s reputation as a supreme chariot-duelist and slayer of heroes, Arjuna ultimately managed to kill him in the battle.