Shloka 45

धर्मरहस्योपदेशः

Dharma-rahasya Instruction: Vows, Truth, and Non-injury

Devanagari script

विकृष्य बलवच्चापमाकर्णादतिमारुति: । तं॑ मुमोच महेष्वास: क्रुद्ध/ कर्णजिघांसया

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

vikṛṣya balavac cāpam ākarṇād atimārutiḥ |

taṁ mumoca maheṣvāsaḥ kruddhaḥ karṇajighāṁsayā ||

Translation

Sañjaya dit : Bhīmasena, grand archer, banda son arc puissant jusqu’à l’oreille avec une force qui semblait dépasser le vent; puis, dans sa colère—résolu à tuer Karṇa—il lâcha cette flèche.

Word by Word

• विकृष्य: having drawn (back)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि+कृष्
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद-भावार्थ

• बलवत्: strongly, with force
• बलवत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बलवत्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• चापम्: bow
• चापम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चाप
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आकर्णात्: up to the ear (ear-draw), from/at the ear
• आकर्णात्: Apadana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आकर्ण
• Form: अव्यय (ablatival sense)

• अतिमारुतिः: one whose speed exceeds the wind (very swift)
• अतिमारुतिः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतिमारुति
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तम्: him / that (arrow, as context may imply)
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• मुमोच: released, let go
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच्
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• महेष्वासः: the great archer
• महेष्वासः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महेष्वास
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्रुद्धः: angry
• क्रुद्धः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध (from √क्रुध्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन, क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)

• कर्णजिघांसया: with the desire to kill Karna
• कर्णजिघांसया: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्ण-जिघांसा
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
• Karṇa
• bow (cāpa)
• arrow

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how intention (jighāṁsā—desire to kill) and emotion (krodha—wrath) shape action in war: prowess and duty can be present, yet anger intensifies violence and narrows ethical vision, reminding readers to examine the inner motive behind outwardly ‘heroic’ deeds.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes Bhīma drawing his bow to a full ear-draw and releasing an arrow with great force, driven by anger and the specific aim of killing Karṇa, marking an escalation in direct, personal combat intent.