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Shloka 6

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 60: Arjuna’s return, auspicious omens, and mission delegation

तथा भागीरथी गड्ढा उर्वशी चाभवत्‌ पुरा । दुहितृत्वं गता राज्ञ: पुत्रत्वमगमत्‌ तदा,इस प्रकार भगीरथकी पुत्री होनेसे गंगाजी भागीरथी कहलायीं और उनके ऊरुपर बैठनेके कारण उर्वशी नामसे प्रसिद्ध हुईं। राजाके पुत्रीभावको प्राप्त होकर उनका नरकसे त्राण करनेके कारण वे उस समय पुत्रभावको भी प्राप्त हुईं

tathā bhāgīrathī gaṅgā urvaśī cābhavat purā | duhitṛtvaṃ gatā rājñaḥ putratvam agamat tadā ||

Nārada dit : «Ainsi, dans les temps anciens, Gaṅgā en vint à être appelée Bhāgīrathī, puisqu’on la tenait pour la fille du roi Bhagīratha ; et elle devint célèbre sous le nom d’Urvaśī parce qu’elle s’assit sur sa cuisse. Et, en ce temps-là, ayant pris le rang de fille du roi et étant devenue le moyen de délivrer ses ancêtres de l’enfer, on parla aussi d’elle comme tenant le rôle d’un “fils” — pour le salut des aïeux.»

तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
भागीरथीBhāgīrathī (Gaṅgā)
भागीरथी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभागीरथी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
गड्ढाa pit, hollow
गड्ढा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगड्ढा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उर्वशीUrvashī
उर्वशी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउर्वशी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभवत्became, was
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
पुराformerly, in olden times
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
दुहितृत्वम्daughterhood, the state of being a daughter
दुहितृत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुहितृत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गताhaving gone/attained
गता:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रत्वम्sonhood, the state of being a son
पुत्रत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अगमत्went to, attained
अगमत्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
तदाthen, at that time
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा

नारद उवाच

N
Nārada
G
Gaṅgā
B
Bhagīratha
U
Urvaśī

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a dharmic principle: social roles like ‘son’ or ‘daughter’ can be understood functionally in relation to duty—especially the duty of rescuing and sustaining one’s lineage through ancestral deliverance—so merit is tied to the act of protection and uplift, not merely to gendered labels.

Nārada explains traditional reasons for Gaṅgā’s epithets: she is called Bhāgīrathī because she is connected to King Bhagīratha as his ‘daughter’; she is called Urvaśī due to an association with his thigh (ūru). Because her role leads to the deliverance of the king’s ancestors from hell, she is also described as attaining the functional status of a ‘son’ (putratva).