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Shloka 2

Adhyāya 40 (Book 7, Droṇa-parva): Abhimanyu’s Rapid Advance and Battlefield Disruption

दिष्ट्या पश्यामि संग्रामे मानिनं शूरमागतम्‌ । निष्ठर॑ त्यक्तर्थर्माणमाक्रोशनपरायणम्‌,“बड़े सौभाग्यकी बात है कि आज मैं युद्धमें सामने आये हुए और अपनेको शूरवीर माननेवाले तुझ अभिमानी, निष्ठुर, धर्मत्यागी और दूसरोंकी निन्दामें तत्पर रहनेवाले शत्रुको प्रत्यक्ष देख रहा हूँ

sañjaya uvāca | diṣṭyā paśyāmi saṅgrāme māninaṃ śūram āgatam | niṣṭhuraṃ tyaktadharmāṇam ākrośanaparāyaṇam |

Sañjaya dit : «Par heureuse fortune, au cœur même de la bataille, je vois face à face l’ennemi qui s’est avancé—celui qui se targue d’être un héros, mais qui est orgueilleux, impitoyable, renonçant au dharma, et voué à l’injure et à la dénonciation.»

दिष्ट्याfortunately / by good luck
दिष्ट्या:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदिष्टि
FormAvyaya (instrumental sense: 'by good fortune')
पश्यामिI see
पश्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormLat (present), parasmaipada; 1st person; singular
संग्रामेin battle
संग्रामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine; locative; singular
मानिनम्self-conceited / proud
मानिनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमानिन्
FormMasculine; accusative; singular
शूरम्heroic / brave
शूरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशूर
FormMasculine; accusative; singular
आगतम्come / arrived
आगतम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
FormPast passive participle; masculine; accusative; singular
निष्ठुरम्cruel / harsh
निष्ठुरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्ठुर
FormMasculine; accusative; singular
त्यक्तधर्माणम्one who has abandoned dharma
त्यक्तधर्माणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्यक्त-धर्मन्
FormMasculine; accusative; singular
आक्रोशनपरायणम्devoted to reviling / given to abuse
आक्रोशनपरायणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआक्रोशन-परायण
FormMasculine; accusative; singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
an unnamed enemy (śatru implied)
B
battlefield (saṅgrāma)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames ethical judgment in war: true heroism is not mere self-asserted valor. Pride, cruelty, abandonment of dharma, and delight in abusive speech are marks of adharma, even if the person claims to be a ‘hero’.

Sañjaya reports that, on the battlefield, he sees an opposing warrior who has come forward. He characterizes this enemy as proud and self-styled heroic, but morally degraded—ruthless, dharma-abandoning, and prone to reviling others.