Mahabharata 7.190.16 — Drona Parva, Adhyaya 190, Shloka 16

Devanagari script

ततो भीम: पुनर्गुर्वी चिक्षेपाधिरथेर्गदाम्‌

Transliteration

tato bhīmaḥ punar gurvī cikṣepādhirather gadām

Translation

Sañjaya dit : Alors Bhīma, sans se laisser détourner, lança de nouveau sa lourde massue contre le grand guerrier du char. Le vers souligne l’escalade inexorable de la force au combat : la vaillance et la colère poussent à des assauts répétés, tandis que le poids éthique de la violence s’amoncelle sur le champ du dharma.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद्
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereupon')

• भीमः: Bhima
• भीमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीम
• Form: Masculine, nominative, singular

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः
• Form: Avyaya

• गुर्वी: heavy, weighty
• गुर्वी: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुरु
• Form: Feminine, nominative, singular

• चिक्षेप: threw, hurled
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्षिप्
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular

• अधिरथेः: of Adhiratha (i.e., Karna)
• अधिरथेः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधिरथ
• Form: Masculine, genitive, singular

• गदाम्: mace
• गदाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गदा
• Form: Feminine, accusative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Bhima
• adhiratha (a foremost chariot-warrior)
• gada (mace)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the kshatriya ethos of persistence and force in combat, while implicitly reminding the listener that repeated acts of violence—however valorous—intensify the moral gravity of war on the dharma-field.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports that Bhima again launches a powerful attack by throwing a heavy mace at a leading chariot-warrior (adhiratha), indicating an ongoing duel or exchange of blows in the Drona Parva battle sequence.