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Shloka 3

Vāsudeva-Māhātmya: Duryodhana’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Theological Account of Keśava

संजय उवाच गतपूर्वाह्नभूयिष्ठे तस्मिन्नहनि भारत । पश्चिमां दिशमास्थाय स्थिते चापि दिवाकरे

sañjaya uvāca gatapūrvāhnabhūyiṣṭhe tasminn ahani bhārata | paścimāṃ diśam āsthāya sthite cāpi divākare ||

Sañjaya dit : Ô Bhārata, ce jour-là, lorsque la plus grande part de la matinée fut écoulée et que le soleil, s’inclinant vers l’occident, s’y tint, l’élan du combat entra dans sa phase tardive. Alors—au moment même où la victoire et l’allégresse pouvaient gagner les rangs des Pāṇḍava—Bhīṣma, ton aïeul, connaisseur du dharma, pressa l’assaut par des traits rapides, tandis que tes fils accouraient de toutes parts pour le couvrir. La scène rappelle qu’en guerre la confiance et le désespoir tournent avec les heures, mais que les chefs liés par le devoir poursuivent la tâche qui leur est échue, quelles que soient les variations de la fortune.

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
गतgone; elapsed
गत:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootगम्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पूर्वाह्नforenoon
पूर्वाह्न:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वाह्न
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भूयिष्ठेin the greater part; mostly
भूयिष्ठे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootभूयिष्ठ
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
तस्मिन्in that
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
अहनिday
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पश्चिमाम्western
पश्चिमाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपश्चिम
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
दिशम्direction
दिशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आस्थायhaving taken to; having approached
आस्थाय:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (आ-स्था)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
स्थितेwhen (he) was stationed; having stood
स्थिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्था
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso; even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
दिवाकरेin the sun (day-maker)
दिवाकरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिवाकर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
D
Divākara (Sun)
P
Paścimā diś (western direction)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral steadiness expected of warriors and leaders: as time advances and fortunes fluctuate, one must continue to act according to one’s assigned duty (svadharma) rather than be ruled by momentary elation or fear.

Sañjaya marks the time of day—most of the forenoon has passed and the sun is in the west—signaling a late-stage turn in the day’s fighting. This temporal cue frames the intensification of combat and the shifting morale of the armies.