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Shloka 45

Chapter 51: Saṃdhyākāla-saṃhāra

Evening Withdrawal after Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

अभ्यधावज्जिघांसन्‌ वै शल्यं मद्राधिपं बली । उस बलवान वीरने इन्द्रधनुषके समान अपने विशाल शरासनको कानोंतक खींचकर मद्रराज शल्यको मार डालनेकी इच्छासे उनपर धावा किया ।।

sañjaya uvāca | abhyadhāvaj jighāṃsan vai śalyaṃ madrādhipaṃ balī | mahata rathavaṃśena samantāt parivāritaḥ ||

Sañjaya dit : Le puissant guerrier se précipita en avant, résolu à tuer Śalya, seigneur de Madra. Encerclé de toutes parts par un vaste déploiement de chars, il chargea—bandant son grand arc jusqu’à l’oreille—poussé par la farouche détermination du combat, où l’intention et la prouesse se heurtent au poids moral du meurtre d’un parent et au devoir sur le champ de bataille.

अभ्यधावत्ran towards, charged
अभ्यधावत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-धाव्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
जिघांसन्wishing to kill
जिघांसन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormSan (desiderative) + शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
शल्यंShalya
शल्यं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मद्राधिपंlord of Madra
मद्राधिपं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमद्राधिप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बलीthe strong one
बली:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबलिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महताby/with a great
महता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
रथवंशेनby a chariot-lineage/host of chariots (chariot formation)
रथवंशेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथवंश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
समन्तात्on all sides
समन्तात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्तात्
परिवारितःsurrounded, encircled
परिवारितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-√वृ (वारयति/वृणोति) / परिवारित
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Ś
Śalya
M
Madra (kingdom)
R
ratha (chariot)
R
rathavaṃśa (chariot-array/host)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the battlefield mindset where a warrior’s intent (jighāṃsā—desire to kill) and martial duty surge forward, yet implicitly raises the ethical tension of violence undertaken as kṣatriya-dharma amid kin and allies.

Sañjaya narrates a powerful fighter charging to kill Śalya, the king of Madra, while being surrounded by a large formation of chariots—an image of escalating combat and tactical encirclement.