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Shloka 44

Chapter 51: Saṃdhyākāla-saṃhāra

Evening Withdrawal after Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

श्वेत: क्रोधात्‌ प्रजज्वाल हविषा हव्यवाडिव । अपने भाई उत्तरको मारा गया और शल्यको कृतवर्मके साथ रथपर बैठा हुआ देख विराटपुत्र श्वेत क्रोधसे जल उठे, मानो अग्निमें घीकी आहुति पड़ गयी हो ।।

śvetaḥ krodhāt prajajvāla haviṣā havyavāḍ iva | sa visphārya mahācāpaṃ śakracāpōpamaṃ balī ||

Sañjaya dit : Pris de colère, Śveta s’embrasa tel le feu sacrificiel nourri de beurre clarifié. Voyant son frère Uttara tué et Śalya assis sur le char avec Kṛtavarman, le puissant prince de Virāṭa banda son grand arc—semblable à l’arc d’Indra—prêt à répondre à la mort par une force décisive. Le passage présente la fureur légitime comme réponse à une perte cruelle, tout en la maintenant dans l’action disciplinée du guerrier lié au code du champ de bataille.

श्वेतःŚveta (name)
श्वेतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्वेत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्रोधात्from anger / out of anger
क्रोधात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रजज्वालblazed forth
प्रजज्वाल:
TypeVerb
Rootज्वल्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
हविषाwith oblation (ghee/offering)
हविषा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहविस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
हव्यवाडिवlike Havyavāṭ (the fire)
हव्यवाडिव:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहव्यवाट्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विस्फार्यhaving stretched/drawn (fully)
विस्फार्य:
TypeVerb
Rootविस्फारय् (वि+स्फुर्/स्फार् caus.)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), ल्यप् (य), Parasmaipada (sense)
महत्great, huge
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चापम्bow
चापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शक्रचापोपमम्comparable to Indra's bow (rainbow)
शक्रचापोपमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्र-चाप-उपम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बलीthe strong one
बली:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबलिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Ś
Śveta (Virāṭa-putra)
U
Uttara (brother of Śveta)
Ś
Śalya
K
Kṛtavarman
V
Virāṭa
Ś
Śakra (Indra)
M
mahācāpa (great bow)
H
havyavāṭ (sacrificial fire)
H
havis (ghee oblation)

Educational Q&A

The verse illustrates how intense emotion—especially grief-born anger—can arise naturally, yet a warrior’s dharma channels it into disciplined action rather than uncontrolled violence. The simile of fire fed by ghee suggests anger’s rapid intensification, warning that such energy must be governed by duty and restraint.

Sañjaya describes Śveta, son of King Virāṭa, erupting in fury after seeing his brother Uttara killed and noticing Śalya riding on a chariot with Kṛtavarman. Śveta then draws his great bow, likened to Indra’s, signaling his readiness to engage them in battle.