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Shloka 13

भीष्मपर्व — अध्याय 18: सेनानिनादः, ध्वज-दीप्तिः, भीष्मरक्षण-व्यवस्था च

Battle Muster: Soundscape, Banners, and the Protection of Bhīṣma

शाल्वा मत्स्यास्तथाम्बष्ठास्त्रैगर्ता: केकयास्तथा । सौवीरा: कैतवाः प्राच्या: प्रतीच्योदीच्यवासिन:,अभीषाह, शूरसेन, शिबि, वसाति, शाल्व, मत्स्य, अम्बष्ठ, त्रिगर्त, केकय, सौवीर, कैतव तथा पूर्व, पश्चिम एवं उत्तर प्रदेशके निवासी--इन बारह जनपदोंके समस्त शूरवीर अपना शरीर निछावर करनेको उद्यत होकर विशाल रथसमुदायके द्वारा पितामह भीष्मकी रक्षा कर रहे थे

sálvā matsyās tathāmbaṣṭhās traigartāḥ kekayās tathā | sauvīrāḥ kaitavāḥ prācyāḥ pratīcyodīcyavāsinaḥ ||

Sañjaya dit : Les Śālvas, les Matsyas, les Ambaṣṭhas, les Trigartas et les Kekayas ; de même les Sauvīras et les Kaitavas ; et les guerriers demeurant dans les régions de l’est, de l’ouest et du nord — tous se tenaient prêts à offrir leur corps (leur vie), et, avec un vaste océan de chars, ils protégeaient le Grand-père Bhīṣma.

शाल्वाःthe Shalvas (people)
शाल्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशाल्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मत्स्याःthe Matsyas (people)
मत्स्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाand/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अम्बष्ठाःthe Ambasthas (people)
अम्बष्ठाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअम्बष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रैगर्ताःthe Trigartas (people)
त्रैगर्ताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्रैगर्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केकयाःthe Kekayas (people)
केकयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेकय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाand/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
सौवीराःthe Sauvīras (people)
सौवीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसौवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कैतवाःthe Kaitavas (people)
कैतवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकैतव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राच्याःeastern (dwellers)
प्राच्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राच्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रतीच्यwestern (dwellers)
प्रतीच्य:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतीच्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उदीच्यवासिनःnortherners; those dwelling in the north
उदीच्यवासिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउदीच्य-वासिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śālva (people/region)
M
Matsya (people/region)
A
Ambaṣṭha (people/region)
T
Trigarta (people/region)
K
Kekaya (people/region)
S
Sauvīra (people/region)
K
Kaitava (people/region)
P
Prācya (eastern region/people)
P
Pratīcya (western region/people)
U
Udīcya (northern region/people)
C
Chariots (ratha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the warrior-ethic of dharma in battle: allied peoples accept personal risk—even death—to protect a revered commander (Bhīṣma). It frames loyalty and duty as collective responsibilities, especially toward elders and leaders in a righteous military order.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that multiple janapadas—named groups from various regions—have assembled in large numbers, especially with chariots, and are forming a protective screen around Bhīṣma on the battlefield.