Shloka 41
गोप्रदानगुणाः तथा कपिलागोविधानम्
Merits of Cow-Gift and the Origin-Account of Kapilā Cows
अन्तर्ज्ाता: सक्रयज्ञानलब्धा: प्राणै: क्रीतास्तेजसा यौतकाश्न । कृच्छोत्सृष्टा: पोषणाभ्यागताश्न द्वारैरेतैगोविशेषा: प्रशस्ता:
antarjātāḥ sakrayajñānalabdhāḥ prāṇaiḥ krītās tejasā yautakāś ca | kṛcchrotsṛṣṭāḥ poṣaṇābhyāgatāś ca dvārair etair goviseṣāḥ praśastāḥ ||
Bhīṣma dit : On loue comme dignes d’être offertes ces vaches d’un mérite particulier lorsqu’elles sont venues à soi par des voies reconnues : nées dans sa propre maison, obtenues par les rites sacrificiels ou par le savoir, acquises au prix même de sa vie, gagnées par la vaillance au combat, reçues en dot nuptiale, relâchées par un maître qui jugeait leur entretien trop lourd, ou encore celles qui sont venues chercher nourriture et protection. De telles origines rendent le don moralement louable, car le droit du donateur est clair et l’acte sert le bien-être plutôt que le tort.
पितामह उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma defines which cows are ethically commendable to give in charity: those acquired through clear, socially sanctioned, and non-harmful means (birth in one’s household, sacrifice/learning, life-risk exchange, valor, dowry, lawful relinquishment, or seeking refuge for sustenance). The emphasis is on rightful ownership and compassionate support, so that dāna becomes pure and dharmic.
In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma (as teacher) enumerates categories of ‘special cows’ whose provenance makes them suitable for gifting. He is guiding the listener on proper conduct in charity—especially the norms around gifting cattle, a major form of wealth and welfare in the epic’s social world.