Adhyāya 64: Dāna-prakāra—Suvarṇa, Pānīya-dāna, Ghṛta-dāna, and Upakaraṇa-dāna
Utility Gifts
क्रोशन्त्यो यस्य वै राष्ट्रादू हयन्ते तरसा स्त्रिय: । क्रोशतां पतिपुत्राणां मृतोड्सौ न च जीवति
krośantyo yasya vai rāṣṭrād ūhayante tarasā striyaḥ | krośatāṃ pati-putrāṇāṃ mṛto 'sau na ca jīvati ||
Bhīṣma dit : Dans le royaume où l’on emporte les femmes de force tandis qu’elles crient et pleurent, et où leurs maris et leurs fils demeurent derrière, gémissant—un tel homme n’est pas un vrai roi. Il est comme mort ; bien qu’il respire, il ne vit pas réellement, car il a failli au premier devoir du souverain : protéger.
भीष्म उवाच
A ruler’s legitimacy rests on protection: if women are abducted by force within his realm and families are left helpless, he has failed rājadharma. Such a ruler is condemned as ‘dead while living’ because his moral purpose as king has collapsed.
Bhīṣma, instructing on duties of kingship in the Anuśāsana Parva, gives a sharp ethical criterion: a kingdom where women are seized and their husbands and sons can only cry out reflects the ruler’s inability or unwillingness to protect; therefore he is unworthy of the title ‘king’.