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Shloka 43

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

शिष्टानां क्षत्रियाणां च धर्म एब सनातन: । युधिष्ठिर! इस प्रकार ब्याहने योग्य वरको बुलाकर उसके साथ कन्याका विवाह करना उत्तम ब्राह्मणोंका धर्म-ब्राह्मविवाह है। जो धन आदिके द्वारा वरपक्षको अनुकूल करके कन्यादान किया जाता है

śiṣṭānāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ ca dharma eṣa sanātanaḥ | yudhiṣṭhira! evaṃ vivāhane yogyaṃ varaṃ āhūya tena saha kanyāyā vivāhaḥ kartavya iti—eṣa brāhmaṇānāṃ śreṣṭhānāṃ dharmaḥ, brāhma-vivāhaḥ | yaḥ dhana-ādibhiḥ varapakṣaṃ anukūlya kṛtvā kanyādānaṃ kriyate, sa śiṣṭa-brāhmaṇa-kṣatriyāṇāṃ sanātano dharmaḥ smṛtaḥ (ayam eva prājāpatya-vivāhaḥ) | yadi vaḥ śulkato niṣṭhā na pāṇigrahaṇāt tathā | lājāntaram upāsīta prāptaśulka iti smṛtiḥ ||

Bhishma dit : « Ô Yudhishthira, voici la règle ancienne et établie de conduite pour les gens de bonne éducation et pour les Kshatriya : faire venir un époux convenable et marier la jeune fille avec lui — c’est la forme Brahma du mariage, louée parmi les meilleurs des brahmanes. Mais lorsque la famille de la mariée, par des richesses et d’autres avantages, rend la partie du marié favorable puis donne la jeune fille, cela aussi est décrit comme une pratique antique chez les brahmanes et les kshatriya respectables ; c’est ce qu’on appelle la forme Prajapatya. Et une règle de la Smriti ajoute : si l’attachement de quelqu’un va au prix de la mariée plutôt qu’au rite de la prise de la main (pāṇigrahaṇa), qu’on cherche une autre alliance ; un tel homme est rappelé comme celui qui a ‘obtenu le prix de la mariée.’ »

यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वःof you / your
वः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Plural
शुल्कतःfrom/with respect to bride-price (fee)
शुल्कतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्क
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
निष्ठाsteadfastness / commitment
निष्ठा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिष्ठा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पाणिग्रहणात्from the taking of the hand (marriage rite)
पाणिग्रहणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपाणिग्रहण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
तथाso / likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
लाजान्तरम्the interval/space of parched grain (i.e., the laja-offering interval; a ritual marker)
लाजान्तरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलाजान्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपासीतshould observe / should wait upon / should attend to
उपासीत:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्राप्तशुल्कःone who has received the fee/bride-price
प्राप्तशुल्कः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राप्तशुल्क
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
स्मृतिःthe tradition / Smriti text
स्मृतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्मृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
B
Brahma-vivaha
P
Prajapatya-vivaha
S
Smriti

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes approved marriage norms: marrying a maiden to a worthy groom (Brahma marriage) is ideal, while giving a daughter after making the groom’s side favorable through wealth is also treated as an established practice (identified here with Prajapatya). It cautions against treating marriage as a transaction centered on bride-price rather than the sacred rite.

In the Anushasana Parva’s dharma instruction, Bhishma answers Yudhishthira’s questions by classifying marriage practices and their ethical standing, citing Smriti-style authority to warn against mercenary motives in arranging marriages.