Shloka 44

“यदि तुम्हारे मतमें मूल्य देनेमात्रसे ही विवाहका पूर्ण निश्चय हो जाता है, पाणिग्रहणसे नहीं, तब तो स्मृतिका यह कथन ही व्यर्थ होगा कि कन्‍्याका पिता एक वरसे शुल्क ले लेनेपर भी दूसरे किसी गुणवान्‌ वरका आश्रय ले सकता है। अर्थात्‌ पहलेको छोड़कर दूसरे गुणवान्‌ वरसे अपनी कन्याका विवाह कर सकता है ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | yadi te matena mūlya-dāna-mātreṇaiva vivāhasya pūrṇa-niścayo bhavati, na pāṇigrahaṇena, tadā smṛter idaṃ vacanam eva vyarthaṃ syāt—yad uktaṃ: kanyāyāḥ pitā ekasmād varāt śulkaṃ gṛhītvāpi anyasya guṇavato varasya āśrayaṃ gantuṃ śaknoti; arthāt pūrvaṃ tyaktvā anyena guṇavatā varena svāṃ kanyāṃ vivāhayet || na hi dharmavidaḥ prāhuḥ pramāṇaṃ vākyataḥ smṛtam | yeṣāṃ vai śulkato niṣṭhā na pāṇigrahaṇāt tathā ||

Bhishma dit : « Si, selon toi, le mariage est pleinement conclu par le seul versement du prix de la mariée, et non par le rite de la prise de la main (pāṇigrahaṇa), alors une règle bien connue des Smriti deviendrait vaine : à savoir que, même après que le père de la jeune fille a accepté une somme d’un prétendant, il peut encore se tourner vers un autre, de mérite supérieur ; c’est-à-dire délaisser le premier et marier sa fille à l’homme le plus digne. Car les connaisseurs du dharma n’admettent pas comme autorité l’affirmation selon laquelle la “définitivité” reposerait sur la somme seule et non, comme il se doit, sur l’acte solennel du pāṇigrahaṇa. Le point éthique est que le paiement marchand ne saurait l’emporter sur l’achèvement dharmique du mariage, ni lier une famille contre le choix d’une alliance plus vertueuse. »

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
hiindeed
hi:
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi
dharmavidaḥknowers of dharma
dharmavidaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdharmavid
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
prāhuḥhave said / declare
prāhuḥ:
TypeVerb
Root√ah (vacane)
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
pramāṇamauthoritative proof
pramāṇam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootpramāṇa
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
vākyataḥfrom (mere) words / verbally
vākyataḥ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvākya
Formtasil-ablative adverb (-tas)
smṛtamthe Smṛti (what is remembered/traditional law)
smṛtam:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootsmṛta
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
yeṣāmof whom
yeṣām:
TypePronoun
Rootyad
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
vaiindeed
vai:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai
śulkataḥfrom the bride-price / by fee alone
śulkataḥ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootśulka
Formtasil-ablative adverb (-tas)
niṣṭhāfinality / settled conclusion
niṣṭhā:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootniṣṭhā
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
pāṇigrahaṇātfrom the hand-taking rite (marriage ceremony)
pāṇigrahaṇāt:
TypeNoun
Rootpāṇigrahaṇa
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
tathāthus / likewise
tathā:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
S
Smriti (dharma-textual authority)
F
father of the maiden (kanyā-pitā)
M
maiden (kanyā)
S
suitor/bridegroom (vara)

Educational Q&A

A marriage is not ethically or legally finalized merely by payment of a fee; its dharmic completion depends on the proper rite (pāṇigrahaṇa). Therefore, accepting a bride-price does not irrevocably bind the girl’s father if a more virtuous suitor is available.

Bhishma addresses a dispute about what makes a marriage binding. He refutes the view that payment alone finalizes the match, citing the dharma-tradition that even after taking a fee from one suitor, the father may choose another worthier groom, because the decisive act is the ritual hand-taking.