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Shloka 4

Brāhmaṇa-mahattva and Atithi-Dharma

Brahmagītā: Praise of Brāhmaṇas and norms of honor

प्रपात्यमान: श्येनेन कपोत: प्रियदर्शन: । वृषदर्भ महाभागं नरेन्द्र शरणं गत:,एक समयकी बात है, एक बाज किसी सुन्दर कबूतरको मार रहा था। वह कबूतर बाजके डरसे भागकर महाभाग राजा वृषदर्भ (उशीनर)-की शरणमें गया

prapātyamānaḥ śyenena kapotaḥ priyadarśanaḥ | vṛṣadarbha mahābhāgaṃ narendra śaraṇaṃ gataḥ ||

Bhīṣma dit : Il était une fois un pigeon d’une grande beauté que fondait un faucon. Saisi d’effroi, l’oiseau s’enfuit et vint chercher refuge auprès du noble roi Vṛṣadarbha (Uśīnara). Cet épisode établit le cadre du dharma : lorsqu’un être sans défense vient demander protection, le devoir du souverain est d’accorder asile, même sous la contrainte d’un agresseur plus puissant.

प्रपात्यमानःbeing struck down / being made to fall
प्रपात्यमानः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्रपात्य (√पत् + प्र, causative)
Formpresent passive participle (śatṛ/śānac-type in passive sense), masculine, nominative, singular
श्येनेनby the hawk
श्येनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्येन
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
कपोतःthe pigeon
कपोतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकपोत
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्रियदर्शनःpleasant-looking / of lovely appearance
प्रियदर्शनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रियदर्शन
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वृषदर्भO Vṛṣadarbha
वृषदर्भ:
TypeNoun
Rootवृषदर्भ
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
महाभागम्the greatly fortunate (one)
महाभागम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाभाग
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
नरेन्द्रO king (lord of men)
नरेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेन्द्र
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
शरणम्refuge
शरणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरण
Formneuter, accusative, singular
गतःwent / having gone
गतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (गत)
Formpast active participle (kta), masculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
Vṛṣadarbha (Uśīnara)
K
kapota (pigeon)
Ś
śyena (hawk)

Educational Q&A

The verse introduces the dharma of refuge: when a frightened being seeks shelter, especially from a ruler, protection becomes a moral obligation. It foregrounds the king’s role as guardian of the vulnerable, even when the threat is powerful.

A hawk attacks a pigeon. The pigeon escapes and runs to the noble king Vṛṣadarbha (Uśīnara) for protection, setting up a moral test about whether the king will uphold the duty of granting refuge.