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Shloka 4

Śakuntalā’s Satya-Discourse and the Recognition of Bharata (शकुन्तला–सत्योपदेशः; भरतप्रतिग्रहः)

वनं जगाम गहनं हयनागशतैर्वृत: । बलेन चतुरज्जेण वृत: परमवल्गुना,वैशम्पायनजीने कहा--एक समयकी बात है, महाबाहु राजा दुष्यन्त बहुत-से सैनिक और सवारियोंको साथ लिये सैकड़ों हाथी-घोड़ोंसे घिरकर परम सुन्दर चतुरंगिणी सेनाके साथ एक गहन वनकी ओर चले

vaiśampāyana uvāca | vanaṃ jagāma gahanaṃ hayanāgaśatair vṛtaḥ | balena caturajjeṇa vṛtaḥ paramavalgunā ||

Vaiśampāyana dit : Un jour, le roi Duṣyanta, aux bras puissants, se mit en route vers une forêt profonde, entouré de centaines de chevaux et d’éléphants, et escorté d’une splendide armée aux quatre corps.

वनम्to the forest
वनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जगामwent
जगाम:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular
गहनम्dense, deep
गहनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगहन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हयhorse
हय:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Stem (in compound), —
नागelephant
नाग:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Stem (in compound), —
शतैःby hundreds
शतैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
वृतःsurrounded
वृतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृत (√वृ, वरणे/आवरणे)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
बलेनwith an army/force
बलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
चतुरज्जेणwith the four-limbed (fourfold) [army]
चतुरज्जेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुरङ्ग
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृतःsurrounded
वृतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृत (√वृ, वरणे/आवरणे)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
परमvery, exceedingly
परम:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
Form—, Stem (in compound), —
वल्गुनाbeautiful, charming
वल्गुना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootवल्गु
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
F
forest (vana)
H
horses (haya)
E
elephants (nāga)
F
fourfold army (caturaṅga-bala)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds rājanīti (royal conduct): a king’s strength is shown as organized, restrained power—moving with a well-ordered fourfold army—setting an ethical frame that authority should be disciplined and purposeful, not chaotic.

The narrator describes a king proceeding into a dense forest, surrounded by many horses and elephants and escorted by a splendid fourfold army, establishing the scene for events that will unfold in the forest setting.