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Shloka 40

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 103 — Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Gāndhārī Vivāha: Proposal, Consent, and the Vow

निवर्तमान त॑ दृष्टवा राजान: सर्व एव ते । प्रेक्षका: समपद्यन्त भीष्मशाल्वसमागमे,उन्हें लौटते देख सब राजा भीष्म और शाल्वके युद्धमें कुछ भाग न लेकर केवल दर्शक बन गये

nivartamānān dṛṣṭvā rājānaḥ sarva eva te | prekṣakāḥ samapadyanta bhīṣmaśālvasamāgame ||

Vaiśampāyana dit : Les voyant se retourner, tous ces rois s’abstinrent de prendre part au combat et ne furent plus que des spectateurs de la rencontre entre Bhīṣma et Śālva. La scène souligne un moment de retenue : au lieu d’attiser le conflit en s’y joignant, les souverains assemblés choisissent de regarder, laissant le duel se dérouler sans escalade collective.

निवर्तमानम्returning, turning back
निवर्तमानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिवर्त (धातु: √वृत्/√वर्त्, उपसर्ग: नि)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तंhim
तं:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Root√दृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
राजानःkings
राजानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रेक्षकाःspectators
प्रेक्षकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेक्षक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समपद्यन्तbecame, turned into
समपद्यन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + √पद्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural
भीष्मशाल्वसमागमेin the encounter (battle) of Bhishma and Shalva
भीष्मशाल्वसमागमे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म-शाल्व-समागम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
K
kings (rājānaḥ)
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śālva

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights restraint in conflict: leaders may uphold order by not multiplying violence, allowing a contest to remain limited rather than turning into a wider war.

As some withdraw, the assembled kings do not intervene; they stand aside as spectators while the confrontation proceeds specifically between Bhīṣma and Śālva.