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Kurma Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 31

Avimukta-Māhātmya — Vyāsa in Vārāṇasī and Śiva’s Secret Teaching of Liberation

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्रा ये वर्णसंकराः / स्त्रियो म्लेच्छाश्च ये चान्ये संकीर्णाः पापयोनयः

brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrā ye varṇasaṃkarāḥ / striyo mlecchāśca ye cānye saṃkīrṇāḥ pāpayonayaḥ

Brahmanes, kshatriyas, vaishyas et shudras—ceux qui sont devenus varṇa-saṅkara (mélange des varṇa) ; femmes, mlecchas et autres semblables—sont décrits comme des groupes mêlés, nés d’origines pécheresses.

ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural)
क्षत्रियाःKshatriyas
क्षत्रियाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural)
वैश्याःVaishyas
वैश्याः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural)
शूद्राःShudras
शूद्राः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural)
येwho
ये:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural); सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)
वर्णसंकराःthose of mixed castes
वर्णसंकराः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण + संकर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural); समासः—तत्पुरुष (वर्णानां संकराः)
स्त्रियःwomen
स्त्रियः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Feminine, Nominative, Plural)
म्लेच्छाःforeigners/barbarians
म्लेच्छाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootम्लेच्छ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
येwho
ये:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural); सम्बन्धसूचक
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural)
संकीर्णाःmixed/variegated
संकीर्णाः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसंकीर्ण (कृदन्त; √कॄ/कीर् धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (PPP, Masculine, Nominative, Plural)
पापयोनयःthose of sinful births/origins
पापयोनयः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपाप + योनि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural); समासः—बहुव्रीहि (पापा योनिः येषां ते)

Narratorial voice within the Purāṇic discourse (instructional passage on varṇāśrama-dharma; traditionally presented through the sage’s narration to the listener)

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

B
Brahmana
K
Kshatriya
V
Vaishya
S
Shudra
V
Varna-sankara
M
Mleccha

FAQs

This verse does not directly teach ātman-metaphysics; it frames a dharma-ethical diagnosis—social and ritual disorder (varṇa-saṅkara) is treated as a symptom of declining dharma, which later sections address through purification, devotion, and yogic discipline.

No specific yoga technique is stated here; the verse functions as a dharma context. In the Kurma Purana’s broader program, such disorder is countered by śauca (purity), vrata (vows), devotion, and—especially in later teachings—Pāśupata-oriented discipline and contemplative steadiness.

The verse itself is social-ethical and does not name Śiva or Viṣṇu; however, the Kurma Purana’s overall voice integrates dharma with liberative practice, where devotion and yoga are presented in a synthesis that accommodates both Vaiṣṇava and Śaiva orientations.