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Kurma Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 83

Cosmic Manifestation, Mahāmāyā’s Mandate, Varṇāśrama-Dharma, and the Unity of the Trimūrti

Devanagari script

योगी च त्रिविधो ज्ञेयो भौतिकः सांख्य एव च / तृतीयोत्याश्रमी प्रोक्ती योगमुत्तममास्थितः

Transliteration

yogī ca trividho jñeyo bhautikaḥ sāṃkhya eva ca / tṛtīyotyāśramī proktī yogamuttamamāsthitaḥ

Translation

Le yogin doit être connu comme triple : le mondain (bhautika), celui tourné vers le Sāṃkhya, et, troisièmement, celui qui dépasse les étapes de la vie (atyāśramī). Ce dernier est déclaré établi dans le Yoga suprême.

Word by Word
योगीthe yogin
योगी:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयोगिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
चand
च:
सम्बन्धसूचक (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
त्रिविधःthreefold
त्रिविधः:
विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि-विध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; द्विगुः—त्रयः विधाः यस्य सः
ज्ञेयःis to be known
ज्ञेयः:
विधेय (Predicative)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञा (धातु) + य (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कृदन्तः—तव्यत्/यत्-प्रत्ययार्थ ‘to be known’ (gerundive)
भौतिकःmaterial/pertaining to elements
भौतिकः:
प्रत्यय/विशेष्य (Predicate class)
TypeAdjective
Rootभौतिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
सांख्यःSāṃkhya (type)
सांख्यः:
प्रत्यय/विशेष्य (Predicate class)
TypeAdjective
Rootसांख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
एवindeed
एव:
सम्बन्धसूचक (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण
चand
च:
सम्बन्धसूचक (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय
तृतीयःthe third
तृतीयः:
प्रत्यय/विशेष्य (Predicate class)
TypeAdjective
Rootतृतीय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
उत्also/further
उत्:
सम्बन्धसूचक (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle)
आश्रमीthe āśrama-based (ascetic)
आश्रमी:
प्रत्यय/विशेष्य (Predicate class)
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रमिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘आश्रम-सम्बन्धी’
प्रोक्तःis said (to be)
प्रोक्तः:
विधेय (Predicative)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle)
योगम्yoga
योगम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
उत्तमम्supreme
उत्तमम्:
विशेषण (Qualifier of object)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; योगम् इति विशेषणम्
आस्थितःhaving undertaken / established in
आस्थितः:
विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-स्था (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past active/PPP in sense ‘having undertaken’)
Speaker

Lord Kurma (Vishnu) teaching in the Ishvara Gita stream

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Characters & Entities
K
Kurma
Y
Yoga
S
Sankhya
A
Ashrama

FAQs

By ranking the atyāśramī as established in the “highest Yoga,” the verse implies that supreme realization is not merely ritual or analytical knowledge, but direct establishment in liberating yogic absorption where the Self is known beyond social identity and life-stage.

The verse highlights a hierarchy of yogic orientations: material-result yoga (bhautika), discriminative contemplative discipline akin to Sāṃkhya (viveka-based), and the transcendent atyāśramī path—suggesting the Kurma Purana’s preference for renunciant, inward, highest-yoga establishment aligned with Pāśupata-style liberation aims.

While not naming Shiva explicitly, the teaching reflects the Kurma Purana’s synthetic approach: the “highest Yoga” and transcending āśrama markers resonates with Śaiva-Pāśupata ideals while being spoken by Vishnu as Kurma—presenting a shared, non-sectarian soteriology.

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