Shloka 4

From Brahman to the Elements: Subtle–Gross Body, Prāṇa, States of Consciousness, and Mahāvākya Realization

प्राणोपानः समानश्च व्यानस्तूदान एव च / मनोन्तः करणं धीश्च स्यान्मनः संशयात्मकम्

prāṇopānaḥ samānaśca vyānastūdāna eva ca / manontaḥ karaṇaṃ dhīśca syānmanaḥ saṃśayātmakam

Prāṇa, Apāna, Samāna, Vyāna et Udāna sont les cinq souffles vitaux. Le mental est l’instrument intérieur, et la dhī (puissance de discernement) en est la faculté discriminante ; le mental, par nature, est le siège du doute.

प्राणोपानःprāṇa and apāna (vital airs)
प्राणोपानः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण (प्रातिपदिक) + अपान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; द्वन्द्वसमासः (प्राणः च अपानः च)
समानःsamāna (vital air)
समानः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसमान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
व्यानःvyāna (vital air)
व्यानः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootव्यान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषणार्थक-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)
उदानःudāna (vital air)
उदानः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootउदान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
एवindeed/only
एव:
Sambandha (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
अन्तःकरणम्inner instrument (antaḥkaraṇa)
अन्तःकरणम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तः (अव्यय) + करण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी/सप्तमी-तत्पुरुषभावः (अन्तः स्थितं करणम्)
धीःintellect/understanding
धीः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootधी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
स्यात्would be/is said to be
स्यात्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
संशयात्मकम्of the nature of doubt
संशयात्मकम्:
Visheshana (Adjective of मनः)
TypeAdjective
Rootसंशय (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः (संशयः आत्मा यस्य/यत्)

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Concept: Prāṇas as functional life-forces; antahkaraṇa as inner instrument; mind (manas) characterized by saṃśaya (doubt) while dhī/buddhi discerns.

Vedantic Theme: Antahkaraṇa-viveka and the distinction between prāṇa (vital function) and manas/buddhi (cognitive function) as preparatory discrimination for ātma-jñāna.

Application: Observe breath and mental doubt separately in meditation; use dhī (discernment) to test impressions before assent; cultivate steadiness via prāṇāyāma and self-inquiry.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.239.5-8 (buddhi, hiraṇyagarbha, pañcīkaraṇa, gross body)

P
Prāṇa
A
Apāna
S
Samāna
V
Vyāna
U
Udāna
M
Manas
A
Antaḥkaraṇa
D
Dhī

FAQs

This verse identifies the five vital airs as core functions of embodied life, forming part of the subtle mechanism that sustains and moves the living being—relevant to understanding life, death, and the subtle-body’s operations.

By distinguishing prāṇic forces (especially udāna, associated with upward movement) and the inner instrument (mind/intellect), the verse frames how life-functions and mental tendencies accompany the being and shape experience during transition.

Cultivate discernment (dhī) to steady the doubting mind, and support balanced prāṇa through disciplined living—ethical conduct, breath regulation, and clarity of intention—to reduce inner turmoil.