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Shloka 1

Madātyaya Nidāna and Lakṣaṇa: Liquor’s Qualities, Tridoṣa Presentations, and Fainting Signs

Devanagari script

चतुः पञ्चाशदुत्तरशततमो ऽध्यायः धन्वन्तरिरुवाच / वक्ष्ये मदात्ययादेश्च निदानं मुनिभाषितम् / तीक्ष्णाम्लरूक्षसूक्ष्माम्लव्यवायासुकरं लघु

Transliteration

catuḥ pañcāśaduttaraśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ dhanvantariruvāca / vakṣye madātyayādeśca nidānaṃ munibhāṣitam / tīkṣṇāmlarūkṣasūkṣmāmlavyavāyāsukaraṃ laghu

Translation

Dhanvantari dit : «J’exposerai, selon l’enseignement des sages, les causes (nidāna) des troubles tels que le madātyaya, l’ivresse. La liqueur est âpre et acide, sèche, subtilement pénétrante, fortement aigre ; elle excite l’abandon aux plaisirs, est difficile à supporter, et elle est légère, d’action rapide.»

Word by Word
चतुःfour
चतुः:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर् (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
Formसंख्यावाचक-विशेषणम्; (समासपूर्वपद)
पञ्चाशत्fifty
पञ्चाशत्:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चाशत् (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
Formसंख्यावाचक-विशेषणम्; (समासपूर्वपद)
उत्तरadditional
उत्तर:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषणम्; (समासपूर्वपद) ‘additional/above’
शततमःhundredth
शततमः:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootशततम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रमवाचक-विशेषणम्; पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; ‘hundredth’ (as part of chapter numbering)
अध्यायःchapter
अध्यायः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; Nominative singular
धन्वन्तरिःDhanvantari
धन्वन्तरिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootधन्वन्तरि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; speaker name
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; ‘said’
वक्ष्येI will explain
वक्ष्ये:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), आत्मनेपदम्, उत्तमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; ‘I will explain/say’
मदात्ययादेश्चof intoxication and related (conditions)
मदात्ययादेश्च:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootमदात्यय (प्रातिपदिक) + आद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमासः; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषे ‘मदात्यय-आदि’; पुंलिङ्गे, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (आदीनाम्-लोपे); च = समुच्चय
निदानम्causation / etiology
निदानम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootनिदान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; object of वक्ष्ये
मुनिभाषितम्spoken by sages
मुनिभाषितम्:
Karma (Object qualifier/कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमुनि (प्रातिपदिक) + भाषित (कृदन्त)
Formतत्पुरुषसमासः; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्तः; नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; qualifies निदानम् ‘spoken by sages’
तीक्ष्णाम्लरूक्षसूक्ष्माम्लव्यवायासुकरम्sharp, sour, dry, subtly sour; promoting intercourse; hard to bear
तीक्ष्णाम्लरूक्षसूक्ष्माम्लव्यवायासुकरम्:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + अम्ल (प्रातिपदिक) + रूक्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + सूक्ष्म (प्रातिपदिक) + अम्ल (प्रातिपदिक) + व्यवाय (प्रातिपदिक) + असुकर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुपद-तत्पुरुषसमासः; नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; (मद्यं/पानं इत्यादि) विशेषणम्
लघुlight
लघु:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootलघु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; adjective ‘light’
Speaker

Dhanvantari

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Knowing nidāna (causes) is the first step in preventing self-harm; intoxicants disturb restraint and clarity.

Vedantic Theme: Pramāda (heedlessness) obstructs sattva and spiritual progress; discipline supports inner steadiness.

Application: Understand alcohol’s properties (sharp, sour, subtle, quick-acting) and its tendency to provoke indulgence; practice moderation/avoidance based on constitution and context.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.155 (madātyaya-nidāna section begins); Garuda Purana 1.154 (preceding disease-nidāna discussion)

Characters & Entities
D
Dhanvantari
M
Munis (sages)

FAQs

This verse frames madātyaya as a diagnosable condition with specific causes (nidāna), presented through Dhanvantari’s Ayurvedic lens, linking bodily disturbance with disciplined conduct.

It characterizes liquor as sharp, sour, dry, subtle/penetrating and quick-acting, implying it rapidly disturbs the system and can provoke impulses like sexual indulgence, making it difficult to tolerate safely.

Treat intoxicants as potent, quick-acting substances: avoid excess, recognize their destabilizing qualities, and favor moderation and self-control to protect health and clarity.

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