Shloka 23
Vasiṣṭha-gamana
Vasiṣṭha’s Departure / The Episode of Sagara
Devanagari script
नानावादित्रघोषाहतपटहरवाकर्णनध्वस्तधैर्याः सद्यः संत्यक्तराज्यस्वबलपुरपुरन्ध्रीसमूहा विमूढाः / कांबोजास्तालजङ्घाः शकयवनकिरातादयः साकमेते भ्रेमुर्भूर्यस्त्रभीत्या दिशि दिशि रिपवो यस्य पूर्वापराधाः
Transliteration
nānāvāditraghoṣāhatapaṭaharavākarṇanadhvastadhairyāḥ sadyaḥ saṃtyaktarājyasvabalapurapurandhrīsamūhā vimūḍhāḥ / kāṃbojāstālajaṅghāḥ śakayavanakirātādayaḥ sākamete bhremurbhūryastrabhītyā diśi diśi ripavo yasya pūrvāparādhāḥ
Translation
Frappés par le fracas des instruments variés et le tonnerre des tambours de guerre, leur courage fut brisé ; les ennemis, hébétés, abandonnèrent aussitôt royaume, troupes, cités et cortèges de femmes, et s’enfuirent. Kamboja, Tālajaṅgha, Śaka, Yavana, Kirāta et autres—coupables d’anciennes fautes—errèrent en tous sens, saisis de peur devant tant d’armes.
Word by Word
nānā-vāditra-ghoṣa-āhata-paṭaha-rava-ākarṇana-dhvasta-dhairyāḥwhose courage was shattered by the loud sounds of instruments and drums
nānā-vāditra-ghoṣa-āhata-paṭaha-rava-ākarṇana-dhvasta-dhairyāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of ripavaḥ
TypeAdjective
Rootnānā (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + vāditra (प्रातिपदिक) + ghoṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + āhata (कृदन्त, √han) + paṭaha (प्रातिपदिक) + rava (प्रातिपदिक) + ākarṇana (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक, √kṛ with ā-√kṛṇ?; ‘hearing’) + dhvasta (कृदन्त, √dhvaṃs) + dhairya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; long tatpuruṣa chain: ‘whose courage was destroyed by hearing the din of various instruments and the sound of beaten drums’
sadyaḥimmediately
sadyaḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadyaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb of time (काल-अव्यय)
saṃtyakta-rājya-sva-bala-pura-purandhrī-samūhāḥhaving abandoned their kingdom, own forces, city, and groups of wives
saṃtyakta-rājya-sva-bala-pura-purandhrī-samūhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of ripavaḥ
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃtyakta (कृदन्त, √tyaj) + rājya (प्रातिपदिक) + sva (प्रातिपदिक) + bala (प्रातिपदिक) + pura (प्रातिपदिक) + purandhrī (प्रातिपदिक) + samūha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; ‘having abandoned kingdom, own army, city, and groups of wives’
vimūḍhāḥbewildered
vimūḍhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of ripavaḥ
TypeAdjective
Rootvimūḍha (कृदन्त, √muh)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
kāṃbojāḥKambojas
kāṃbojāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (as part of subject-list)
TypeNoun
Rootkāṃboja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
tālajaṅghāḥTālajaṅghas
tālajaṅghāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (as part of subject-list)
TypeNoun
Roottālajaṅgha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
śaka-yavana-kirāta-ādayaḥŚakas, Yavanas, Kirātas, and others
śaka-yavana-kirāta-ādayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (as part of subject-list)
TypeNoun
Rootśaka (प्रातिपदिक) + yavana (प्रातिपदिक) + kirāta (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व with ādayaḥ ‘and others’
sākamtogether
sākam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsākam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb ‘together’ (सह-अर्थक)
etethese
ete:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; demonstrative pronoun
bhremuḥwandered/ran about
bhremuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhram (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural
bhūri-astra-bhītyāfrom fear of many weapons
bhūri-astra-bhītyā:
Hetu (हेतु) / Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūri (प्रातिपदिक) + astra (प्रातिपदिक) + bhīti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; ‘due to fear of many weapons’
diśiin a direction
diśi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdiś (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular
diśiin (each) direction
diśi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdiś (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; repetition for distributive sense
ripavaḥenemies
ripavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootripu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
yasyawhose
yasya:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; relative pronoun referring to Sagara
pūrva-aparādhāḥprevious offenses
pūrva-aparādhāḥ:
Viśeṣya (विशेष्य) in relative clause
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + aparādha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; ‘former offenses’