Shloka 21
Nakṣatra-Śrāddha (Ancestral Rites Connected with Asterisms) — नक्षत्रश्राद्धम्
Devanagari script
न ब्राह्मणं परिक्षेत सदा देयं हि मानवैः / दैवेकर्मणि पित्र्ये च श्रूयते वै परीक्षणम्
Transliteration
na brāhmaṇaṃ parikṣeta sadā deyaṃ hi mānavaiḥ / daivekarmaṇi pitrye ca śrūyate vai parīkṣaṇam
Translation
Qu’on ne mette pas le brāhmane à l’épreuve; les hommes doivent donner sans cesse. On entend que l’« examen » n’a lieu que dans les rites pour les dieux et pour les ancêtres.
Word by Word
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेधार्थक निपात)
brāhmaṇama Brahmin
brāhmaṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)
parīkṣetashould examine/test
parīkṣeta:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpari-īkṣ (धातु; √īkṣ ‘to see/examine’ with उपसर्ग परि)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
sadāalways
sadā:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण); time (कालवाचक)
deyamto be given / should be given
deyam:
Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृसमानााधिकरण/विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootdā (धातु) → deya (कृदन्त; भाव्य/कर्तव्य)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); gerundive/obligatory (कर्तव्य/भाव्य), predicate to implied ‘(anna/dānaṃ) deyaṃ’
hiindeed/for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात); reason/emphasis (हेतौ/अवधारणे)
mānavaiḥby people (men)
mānavaiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmānava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)
daive-karmaṇiin a rite for the gods
daive-karmaṇi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdaiva (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—तत्पुरुषः (daivaṃ karma = rite for the gods)
pitryein a rite for the ancestors
pitrye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpitrya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); adjectival to (karmaṇi) understood: pitrye (karmaṇi)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय)
śrūyateis heard / is stated
śrūyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootśru (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); passive/impersonal sense ‘is heard/said’
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात); emphasis/assertion (खलु/एव-अर्थे)
parīkṣaṇamexamination/testing
parīkṣaṇam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootparīkṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक; from pari-īkṣ)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)