Shloka 12
Pitṛgaṇa-Vibhāga (Classification of the Pitṛs) and the Śrāddha–Soma Nourishment Cycle
Devanagari script
एका तत्र निराहारा तां माता प्रत्यभाषत / निषेधयन्ती सोमेति मातृस्रेहेन दुःखिता
Transliteration
ekā tatra nirāhārā tāṃ mātā pratyabhāṣata / niṣedhayantī someti mātṛsrehena duḥkhitā
Translation
Là, une jeune fille demeurait sans nourriture; alors sa mère lui parla—attristée par l’amour maternel, la retenant en disant : « Ô Somé ! »
Word by Word
ekāone (woman)
ekā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)
tatrathere
tatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; deśa-avyaya (locative adverb/देश-अव्यय)
nirāhārāwithout food, fasting
nirāhārā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of ekā)
TypeAdjective
Rootnir-āhāra (प्रातिपदिक) helping: āhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; nañ-tatpuruṣa (नञ्-तत्पुरुष) adjective meaning 'without food'
tāmher
tām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana
mātāmother
mātā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
pratyabhāṣataspoke to, addressed
pratyabhāṣata:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootprati-√bhāṣ (धातु)
FormLaṅ lakāra (Imperfect/past/लङ्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
niṣedhayantīforbidding, restraining
niṣedhayantī:
Karta (कर्ता; participle agreeing with mātā)
TypeVerb
Rootni-√ṣidh (धातु)
FormVartamāna-kṛdanta (present active participle/वर्तमान कृदन्त), Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; parasmaipada sense
somaO Soma!
soma:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootsoma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Sambodhana (Vocative/सम्बोधन), Ekavacana; used as address in quoted speech
itithus
iti:
Vākyaprayojaka (वाक्य-प्रयोजक/Quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotation marker (iti-śabda/इति-शब्द)
mātṛ-snehenaby maternal affection
mātṛ-snehena:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument-cause)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + sneha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana; ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (genitive determinative/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष): 'mother's affection'
duḥkhitādistressed, sorrowful
duḥkhitā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of mātā)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkhita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; past participial adjective (kta-based)