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Shloka 43

Prāyaścitta, the ‘Elephant Bath’ Problem, and the Opening of Ajāmila-Upākhyāna

एतैरधर्मो विज्ञात: स्थानं दण्डस्य युज्यते । सर्वे कर्मानुरोधेन दण्डमर्हन्ति कारिण: ॥ ४३ ॥

etair adharmo vijñātaḥ sthānaṁ daṇḍasya yujyate sarve karmānurodhena daṇḍam arhanti kāriṇaḥ

Lorsque ces témoins établissent l’adharma, il convient d’infliger la peine. Quiconque agit pour un fruit karmique mérite un châtiment selon ses fautes.

एतैःby these (witnesses)
एतैः:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/3rd), बहुवचन; ‘by these’
अधर्मःunrighteousness
अधर्मः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
विज्ञातःis ascertained
विज्ञातः:
क्रिया (Predicative/कृदन्त-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ज्ञा (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘known/ascertained’ (predicate)
स्थानम्the place/occasion
स्थानम्:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
दण्डस्यof punishment
दण्डस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध/6th), एकवचन
युज्यतेis appropriate
युज्यते:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootयुज् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; passive sense ‘is appropriate/is applied’
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘all’ qualifying कारिणः
कर्म-अनुरोधेनaccording to the deed
कर्म-अनुरोधेन:
हेतु/प्रकार (Manner/Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् + अनुरोध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; ‘in accordance with the act/deed’
दण्डम्punishment
दण्डम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म/2nd), एकवचन
अर्हन्तिdeserve
अर्हन्ति:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
कारिणःdoers (agents)
कारिणः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकारिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; agent noun ‘doers’
Y
Yamarāja
Y
Yamadūtas

FAQs

This verse states that punishment (daṇḍa) is rightly given when irreligion (adharma) is identified, and that every person is judged in accordance with their specific actions (karma-anurodhena).

They were defending the principle of moral order—arguing that sinful behavior can be recognized by its symptoms and that offenders should be punished proportionally to their deeds.

Act with responsibility: understand that choices have consequences, and align daily conduct with dharma—truthfulness, self-control, and non-harm—to avoid creating suffering for oneself and others.