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Srimad Bhagavatam — Saptama Skandha, Shloka 51

Nārada’s Instructions: Śrāddha, True Dharma, Contentment, Yoga, and Devotion-Centered Renunciation

द्रव्यसूक्ष्मविपाकश्च धूमो रात्रिरपक्षय: । अयनं दक्षिणं सोमो दर्श ओषधिवीरुध: ॥ ५० ॥ अन्नं रेत इति क्ष्मेश पितृयानं पुनर्भव: । एकैकश्येनानुपूर्वं भूत्वा भूत्वेह जायते ॥ ५१ ॥

dravya-sūkṣma-vipākaś ca dhūmo rātrir apakṣayaḥ ayanaṁ dakṣiṇaṁ somo darśa oṣadhi-vīrudhaḥ

Ô cher roi Yudhiṣṭhira, lorsque l’on offre dans le sacrifice du ghee et des grains tels que l’orge et le sésame, leur résultat subtil devient une fumée céleste qui mène, de degré en degré, à des sphères comme Dhūma, Rātri, Kṛṣṇapakṣa, Dakṣiṇāyana, et finalement à la Lune. Mais ensuite les sacrifiants redescendent sur la terre, devenant herbes, lianes, légumes et grains; ceux-ci, mangés par les êtres, se changent en semence, déposée dans le corps de la femme, et l’on renaît ainsi sans cesse.

dravya-sūkṣma-vipākaḥsubtle transformation of matter
dravya-sūkṣma-vipākaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootdravya (प्रातिपदिक) + sūkṣma (प्रातिपदिक) + vipāka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya-nipāta conjunction
dhūmaḥsmoke
dhūmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootdhūma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
rātriḥnight
rātriḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootrātri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
apakṣayaḥwaning fortnight
apakṣayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootapakṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
ayanamcourse/solstice path
ayanam:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootayana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Prathamā, Ekavacana
dakṣiṇamsouthern
dakṣiṇam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Prathamā, Ekavacana; agreeing with ayanam
somaḥSoma
somaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootsoma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
darśaḥdarśa (new-moon)
darśaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootdarśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
oṣadhi-vīrudhaḥherbs and creepers
oṣadhi-vīrudhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootoṣadhi (प्रातिपदिक) + vīrudh (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
annamfood
annam:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootanna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Prathamā, Ekavacana
retaḥsemen
retaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootretas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Prathamā, Ekavacana
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle
kṣmeśaO lord of the earth
kṣmeśa:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣmā (प्रातिपदिक) + īśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Sambodhana, Ekavacana
pitṛyānampath of the ancestors
pitṛyānam:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛyāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Prathamā, Ekavacana
punarbhavaḥrebirth
punarbhavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootpunarbhava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
ekaikaśyenaone by one
ekaikaśyena:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootekaika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (adverb): one by one
anupūrvamin sequence
anupūrvam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanupūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (adverb): in order
bhūtvāhaving become
bhūtvā:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (भू/धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा): having become
bhūtvāhaving become again
bhūtvā:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (भू/धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा): repeated
ihahere
iha:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
FormDeśa-avyaya adverb
jāyateis born
jāyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootjan (जन्/धातु)
FormLaṭ, 3rd person, singular, Ātmanepada

This is explained in Bhagavad-gītā (9.21) :

P
Parīkṣit Mahārāja

FAQs

This verse outlines a karmic post-death progression through smoke, night, the dark fortnight, the sun’s southern course, the moon, and then into vegetation—indicating a return toward rebirth rather than liberation.

Parīkṣit was hearing essential teachings before death; Śukadeva explains karmic routes like pitṛyāna to show how material piety still leads to rebirth, encouraging exclusive devotion for liberation.

Do not rely only on ritual merit or worldly virtue; cultivate bhakti and detachment so one’s consciousness aims for liberation rather than cyclical return.