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Srimad Bhagavatam — Ekadasha Skandha, Shloka 19

Vānaprastha-vidhi and Sannyāsa-dharma: Austerity, Detachment, and the Paramahaṁsa Ideal

बहिर्जलाशयं गत्वा तत्रोपस्पृश्य वाग्यत: । विभज्य पावितं शेषं भुञ्जीताशेषमाहृतम् ॥ १९ ॥

bahir jalāśayaṁ gatvā tatropaspṛśya vāg-yataḥ vibhajya pāvitaṁ śeṣaṁ bhuñjītāśeṣam āhṛtam

Avec la nourriture recueillie en aumône, il doit quitter les lieux habités et se rendre à un point d’eau en un endroit retiré. Là, après s’être baigné et avoir soigneusement lavé ses mains, en gardant le silence, qu’il distribue des parts à ceux qui demandent. Puis qu’il purifie le reste et mange tout ce qu’il a apporté, sans rien garder pour plus tard.

bahiḥoutside
bahiḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbahis (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
jalāśayama water-reservoir (pond/lake)
jalāśayam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootjalāśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā vibhakti (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular); समास: जलस्य आशयः इति षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष
gatvāhaving gone
gatvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (गम् धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय, ल्यबन्त), ‘having gone’
tatrathere
tatra:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), adverb of place (देशवाचक)
upaspṛśyahaving performed ablution/touched water
upaspṛśya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootupa√spṛś (उप + स्पृश् धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यबन्त), ‘having touched/washed (sipping/ablution)’
vāk-yataḥrestrained in speech
vāk-yataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvāk + yata (वाच् प्रातिपदिक + यत प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana; समास: वाचा यतः इति तृतीया-तत्पुरुष; meaning ‘restrained in speech’
vibhajyahaving divided
vibhajya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootvi√bhaj (वि + भज् धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यबन्त), ‘having divided/apportioned’
pāvitampurified
pāvitam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpāvita (पू धातु > पावित, कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally: ‘purified’
śeṣamthe remainder
śeṣam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana
bhuñjītahe should eat
bhuñjīta:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhuj (भुज् धातु)
FormVidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्/optative), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana; Parasmaipada
aśeṣamentire, without remainder
aśeṣam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootaśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; adjective qualifying āhṛtam
āhṛtambrought (food)
āhṛtam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootā√hṛ (आ + हृ धातु) > āhṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; past passive participle (क्त): ‘brought/collected’

Śrīla Bhaktisiddhānta Sarasvatī Ṭhākura explains that a saintly person should not argue or quarrel with materialistic persons who may request or demand part of his foodstuff. The word vibhajya indicates that one should give something to such persons to avoid disturbance, and then, offering the remnants to Lord Viṣṇu, one should eat everything on one’s plate, without saving food for the future. The word bahiḥ indicates that one should not eat in a public place, and vāg-yata indicates that one should eat silently, meditating upon the Lord’s mercy.

K
Kṛṣṇa
U
Uddhava

FAQs

This verse instructs a renunciant to purify himself at a water source, restrain speech, and accept food without waste—showing cleanliness, discipline, and simplicity.

In the Uddhava-gītā context, Krishna teaches that controlling speech supports inner steadiness, reduces distraction, and strengthens renunciation and devotion.

Maintain daily cleanliness, practice mindful or minimal speech, honor sanctified food (prasāda) without waste, and cultivate gratitude and simplicity.