Sutra 10

Devanagari script

कुपितमूलभिन्नगर्भयोः कुपितमूलं प्रशमितकोपं सामादिभिर्युध्येत न भिन्नगर्भमन्योन्यस्माद्भिन्नम् ॥ कZ_०८.५.१० ॥

Transliteration

kupitamūlabhinnagarbhayoḥ kupitamūlaṃ praśamitakopaṃ sāmādibhir yudhyeta na bhinnagarbham anyonyasmād bhinnam

Translation

Entre (un ennemi) dont la base-racine est irritée et (un autre) dont la cohésion interne est brisée, il faut combattre l’adversaire « irrité à la racine » après avoir d’abord apaisé sa colère par la conciliation et des mesures connexes ; il ne faut pas combattre l’adversaire intérieurement divisé, car ses parties sont séparées les unes des autres (et s’effondreront d’elles-mêmes).

Word by Word

• कुपितमूलभिन्नगर्भयोः: of the two—(the one) with an enraged base and (the one) with a split interior
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: कुपित + मूल + भिन्न + गर्भ
• Form: षष्ठी-द्विवचनम् (ययोः = of the two); compound used as a genitive dual referring to two parties: (1) कुपितमूल and (2) भिन्नगर्भ

• कुपितमूलम्: the one whose base is enraged
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: कुपित + मूल
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम्; object of युध्येत (one should fight/engage)

• प्रशमितकोपम्: with anger pacified
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: प्र-शम् (प्रशमित) + कोप
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम्; adjective qualifying कुपितमूलम्

• सामादिभिः: by conciliation and the other means
• Type: Noun
• Root: साम + आदि
• Form: तृतीया-बहुवचनम्; instrumental: 'by/with sāma etc.' (i.e., the upāyas)

• युध्येत: should fight/engage
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध्
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचनम्; ‘should fight/engage (in conflict)’

• न: not
• Type: Particle (negation)
• Root: न
• Form: निषेध

• भिन्नगर्भम्: the one with a divided interior
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: भिन्न + गर्भ
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम्; object understood with (युध्येत) in ellipsis: ‘(one should) not (fight) the split-inside one’

• अन्योन्यस्मात्: from one another
• Type: Pronoun/Adverbial (reciprocal base)
• Root: अन्योन्य + स्मात्
• Form: पञ्चमी-एकवचनम् (ablative): ‘from one another’

• भिन्नम्: separated/divided
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: भिद् (भिन्न)
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम्; predicate/qualifier to भिन्नगर्भम्: ‘(being) separated’

Entities Mentioned

• king
• enemy

More Details

FAQs

Why avoid fighting a 'bhinna-garbha' enemy?

Because internal fragmentation makes the enemy self-weakening; direct battle is unnecessary when collapse or defection can be induced.

What is the administrative intent behind 'praśamita-kopa'?

Stabilize the opponent’s emotional volatility via diplomacy/inducements so the ruler controls escalation and chooses timing.