Sutra 23
Devanagari script
भक्षयित्वा निषण्णानामेत एव द्विगुणा दण्डाः परिवसतां चतुर्गुणाः ॥ कZ_०३.१०.२३ ॥
Transliteration
bhakṣayitvā niṣaṇṇānām eta eva dviguṇā daṇḍāḥ parivasatāṃ caturguṇāḥ
Translation
Si, après avoir brouté, les animaux restent installés sur place, les mêmes sanctions seront doublées ; s’ils demeurent campés/logés (parivasatām), elles seront quadruplées.
Word by Word
भक्षयित्वाhaving eaten; after consuming
भक्षयित्वा:
TypeVerb (absolutive/gerund)
Rootभक्ष्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive), parasmaipada; ‘having eaten/devoured’
निषण्णानाम्of those who are seated/sitting (down)
निषण्णानाम्:
TypeParticiple (verbal adjective) used substantively
Rootनि-षद्
Formभूतकृदन्त (past participle) ‘निषण्ण’; genitive plural (षष्ठी बहुवचन)
एतेthese
एते:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formnominative plural masculine (प्रथमा बहुवचन)
एवindeed; only; just
एव:
TypeParticle
Rootएव
Formemphatic indeclinable
द्विगुणाःdouble (in amount)
द्विगुणाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि-गुण
Formnominative plural masculine (प्रथमा बहुवचन); ‘twofold/double’
दण्डाःpenalties; punishments; fines
दण्डाः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formnominative plural masculine (प्रथमा बहुवचन)
परिवसताम्of those who are staying/sojourning (living nearby/around)
परिवसताम्:
TypeParticiple (present) used substantively
Rootपरि-वस्
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ) ‘परिवसत्’; genitive plural (षष्ठी बहुवचन)
चतुर्गुणाःquadruple (in amount)
चतुर्गुणाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्-गुण
Formnominative plural masculine (प्रथमा बहुवचन); ‘fourfold/quadruple’
Entities Mentioned
L
livestock owners/herders (implied)L
local authority collectors (implied)FAQs
Prolonged occupation and repeated/extended grazing that turns use into encroachment; the penalty scales with duration to prevent ‘squat’ behavior.