मणिः कौटोमालेयकः पारसमुद्रकश्च ॥ कZ_०२.११.२८ ॥
maṇiḥ kauṭomāleyakaḥ pārasamudrakaśca
Les gemmes comprennent (des types appelés) « kauṭomāleyaka » et « pārasamudraka ».
Origin labels allow differentiated pricing, duty assessment, and risk controls (counterfeits, substitution) in long-distance luxury trade.