Sutra 1

Devanagari script

मौलभृतकश्रेणीमित्रामित्राटवीबलानां समुद्दानकालाः ॥ कZ_०९.२.०१ ॥

Transliteration

maulabhṛtakaśreṇīmitrāmitrāṭavībalānāṃ samuddānakālāḥ

Translation

Les occasions (moments/conditions appropriés) pour employer les troupes héréditaires (permanentes), les troupes mercenaires, les forces de corporations, les forces alliées, les forces ennemies et les forces forestières sont les suivantes.

Word by Word

• मौल: native/regular (belonging to the king’s own base)
• Type: Noun (adjectival)
• Root: मूल
• Form: प्रातिपदिक: मौल (< मूल); पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासपूर्वपद, ‘मौलभृतक’ इत्यस्य पूर्वाङ्गम्)

• भृतक: paid servant; mercenary (troops)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृत (√भृ)
• Form: प्रातिपदिक: भृतक; पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• श्रेणी: guild; corporate association
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रेणी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• मित्र: ally; friendly power
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• अमित्र: enemy; hostile power
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमित्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• आटवी: forest (tribal) forces; wilderness element
• Type: Noun
• Root: आटवी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• बल: forces; troops
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• समुद्दान: synoptic summary; enumerative heading
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्दान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• काल: times; occasions; timing
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्; ‘समुद्दानकालाः’ इति समासे उत्तरपदम्

Entities Mentioned

• maula troops
• bhṛtaka troops
• śreṇī troops
• mitra (ally)
• amitra (enemy)
• āṭavī (forest polities/tribes)

More Details

FAQs

What is the governance logic behind listing troop categories with their 'kāla'?

It is a decision framework: troop types are instruments with different loyalty, cost, endurance, and political risk; each has a suitable deployment window.