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Shloka 31

Cosmic Appointments, Viṣṇu’s Vibhūtis, Fourfold Operation, and the Symbolism of Ornaments and Weapons

रुद्रः कालो ऽन्तकाद्याश् च समस्ताश् चैव जन्तवः चतुर्धा प्रलयायैता जनार्दनविभूतयः

rudraḥ kālo 'ntakādyāś ca samastāś caiva jantavaḥ caturdhā pralayāyaitā janārdanavibhūtayaḥ

Rudra, el Tiempo mismo, la Muerte y sus temibles poderes, y todos los seres vivientes: estas son las cuatro fuerzas por las que avanza la disolución; en verdad son vibhūtis de Janārdana.

रुद्रःRudra
रुद्रः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootरुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Singular
कालःTime
कालः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्तकाद्याःAntaka and others
अन्तकाद्याः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तक-आदि (प्रातिपदिक; अन्तक + आदि)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
Coordination (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक; Indeclinable conjunction
समस्ताःall/entire
समस्ताः:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसमस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Plural (agreeing with जन्तवः)
and
:
Coordination (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक; Indeclinable conjunction
एवindeed
एव:
Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारणार्थक निपात; Indeclinable emphatic particle
जन्तवःcreatures
जन्तवः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Plural
चतुर्धाfourfold
चतुर्धा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचतुर्धा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण; Indeclinable adverb (manner)
प्रलयायfor dissolution
प्रलयाय:
Sampradāna (Purpose/recipient; हेतु/प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रलय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Dative, Singular
एताःthese
एताः:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Plural (agreeing with विभूतयः)
जनार्दनविभूतयःmanifestations of Janārdana
जनार्दनविभूतयः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजनार्दन-विभूति (प्रातिपदिक; जनार्दन + विभूति)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Plural

Sage Parāśara (teaching Maitreya)

J
Janardana (Vishnu)
R
Rudra (Shiva)
K
Kala (Time)
A
Antaka (Death)
J
Jantavaḥ (all beings)

FAQs

This verse frames dissolution as operating through four channels—Rudra, Time, Death and allied forces, and all beings—showing pralaya as an ordered cosmic function rather than chaos.

Parāśara places Kāla among the primary agents of pralaya, implying that time is not merely a measure but a divine power that ripens all conditions toward dissolution.

Even the forces that end worlds—Rudra, Death, and Time—are presented as Vishnu’s vibhūtis, affirming Vishnu’s supreme sovereignty over both creation and dissolution.