Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 4

Devanagari script

तथा सर्वे सुरगणा लोकपालस्तथाऽपरे विद्याधराश्च गंधर्वाः किंनराप्सरसां गणाः

Transliteration

tathā sarve suragaṇā lokapālastathā'pare vidyādharāśca gaṃdharvāḥ kiṃnarāpsarasāṃ gaṇāḥ

Translation

Asimismo acudieron todas las huestes de los dioses, junto con los Lokapālas (guardianes de los mundos) y otros: Vidyādharas, Gandharvas y las compañías de Kiṃnaras y Apsaras.

Word by Word

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/प्रकारवाचक (also/likewise)

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (सुरगणाः)

• सुरगणाः: groups of gods
• सुरगणाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुर + गण (प्रातिपदिक); ‘सुर-गण’
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘सुराणां गणाः’)

• लोकपालाः: world-guardians
• लोकपालाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक + पाल (प्रातिपदिक); ‘लोक-पाल’
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘लोकस्य पालाः’)

• तथा: also
• तथा: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक (also)

• अपरे: others
• अपरे: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘others’

• विद्याधराः: Vidyādharas
• विद्याधराः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विद्या + धर (प्रातिपदिक); ‘विद्या-धर’
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (उपपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘विद्यां धरन्ति’)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

• गन्धर्वाः: Gandharvas
• गन्धर्वाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्धर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• किंनर: of the Kiṃnaras
• किंनर: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किंनर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘of the Kiṃnaras’ (सम्बन्ध)

• अप्सरसाम्: of the Apsarases
• अप्सरसाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्सरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘of the Apsarases’

• गणाः: groups
• गणाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Speaker

Lomaśa (continuing narration)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kedāra (Kedārakṣetra)

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Audience of ṛṣis/devotees

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A vast celestial congregation over Kedāra: lokapālas in regal armor, vidyādharas hovering with garlands, gandharvas with vīṇās, kiṃnaras singing, apsarases dancing in the sky; the mountains glow as if lit from within.

Characters & Entities

• Devas (Sura-gaṇas)
• Lokapālas (Dikpālas)
• Vidyādharas
• Gandharvas
• Kiṃnaras
• Apsarases

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

A truly momentous dharmic event is portrayed as cosmic in scope, drawing not only humans but also divine and semi-divine beings.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The Kedārakhaṇḍa context implies Kedāra’s sanctity, shown indirectly by the extraordinary celestial attendance.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

No direct prescription; it describes the grand assembly of divine beings.