Rig Veda 5.53.12: Mandala 5, Sukta 53, Mantra 12

Sukta 5.53

Rishi: Śyāvāśva Ātreya

Devata: Maruts

Chandas: Tr̥ṣṭubh-like (variable within the hymn)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कस्मा अद्य सुजाताय रातहव्याय प्र ययुः । एना यामेन मरुतः ॥

Transliteration

kásmā adyá sujā́tāya rātá-havyāya prá yayuḥ | enā́ yā́mena marútaḥ ||

Translation

¿Hacia quién han partido hoy los Maruts — hacia qué bien nacido, hacia qué portador de las oblaciones debidamente ofrecidas— por este su avanzar, por este camino de marcha?

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Word by Word

• कस्मै: to whom?
• कस्मै: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → क-

• अद्य: today, now
• अद्य: अधिकरण (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)

• सुजाताय: to the well-born / noble-born (one)
• सुजाताय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: सुजात (प्रातिपदिक; सु- + जात < √जन् ‘to be born’)

• रातहव्याय: to him whose oblation is given / who has received the offering
• रातहव्याय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective (bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa compound, used substantively)
• Root: रातहव्य (प्रातिपदिक; रात ‘given’ < √रा/√रद्? (Vedic ‘to give’) + हव्य ‘oblation’ < √हू ‘to call/invoke’)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• ययुः: they have gone / went forth
• ययुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (गत्यर्थ धातु)

• एना: by this
• एना: करण
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एना (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक; एतद्-सम्बद्ध ‘this/that’ instrumental form in Vedic)

• यामेन: by the course/way, by the march
• यामेन: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: याम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘course, going, march, way’ < √या)

• मरुतः: the Maruts
• मरुतः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (proper/common: the Maruts)
• Root: मरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)